Autonomic Nervous System

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), including its divisions, neurotransmitters, receptor types, and the effects of various drugs.

What are the two main parts of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Acetylcholine (ACh)

What is the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

What happens during a Parasympathetic response?

The body is relaxed, promoting 'rest and digest' functions.

What are Adrenergic receptors?

Receptors that are activated by norepinephrine or epinephrine.

What effect do Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors have when stimulated?

They cause vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, and pupil dilation.

What is the primary action of Beta-1 adrenergic receptors?

They increase heart rate and force of contraction.

How do Beta-2 adrenergic receptors affect smooth muscle?

They cause smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.

What is homeostasis in relation to the ANS?

A dynamic balance maintained between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

What are Cholinergic drugs?

Drugs that promote the actions of acetylcholine and mimic parasympathetic activity.

What is the main function of anticholinergic drugs?

To block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, allowing sympathetic effects to dominate.

What effect do adrenergic blockers have on the body?

They counteract sympathetic nervous system responses, leading to effects like decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

What are the two types of Cholinergic agonists?

Direct-acting and indirect-acting.

In the context of adrenergic responses, what does the term 'fight or flight' refer to?

The physiological changes that prepare an individual to confront a stressful situation.

What is the main effect of the Vagus nerve within the parasympathetic system?

It controls various bodily functions including slowing the heart rate and promoting digestion.

Which class of drugs is used to increase sympathetic activity during cardiovascular emergencies?

Nonselective Adrenergic Agonists like epinephrine and norepinephrine.