BioGT Ch4: A Tour of the Cell

Prokaryotic cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Organelles

"Little organs" responsible for carrying out specific functions within the cell.

Nucleus

Contains the cell's genetic information and is enclosed by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope.

Ribosomes

"Machines" that carry out protein synthesis according to instructions from DNA.

Endomembrane system

A network of organelles involved in manufacturing and breakdown within eukaryotic cells.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce ATP energy through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plants and algae that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Cytoskeleton

Network of proteins and fibers that provide structure, organization, and movement within the cell.

Cilia

Short, numerous appendages that propel cells.

Flagella

Longer, whip-like appendages that propel cells.

Cell wall

Rigid extracellular structure unique to plant cells, providing skeletal support.

Plasmodesmata

Channels that connect adjacent plant cells, allowing for communication and transport.