review test1

ilium

what is 1

ischium

what is 3

acetabulum

what is 2

obturator foramen

what is 4

pubis

what is 5

pubic symphysis (location of)

what is 6

iliac crest

what is 7

anterior superior iliac spine

what is 8

pecten pubis

what is 9

pubic tubercle

what is 10

pubic crest

what is 11

ilium

what is 1

iliac crest

what is 2

pubis

what is 3

pubic symphysis

what is 4

pubic crest

what ss 5

pubic tubercle

what is 6

pecten pubis

what is 7

anterior superior iliac spine

what is 8

Camper's Fascia (camping out on the outskirts of town)

The superficial fatty layer of the abdomen

Scarpa's fascia

the deep membranous layer of the abdomen, continuous layer of superficial fascia of the scrotum and penis (dartos)

external abdominal oblique

the outermost layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall; contralaterally rotates trunk (unilateral); flexes trunk (bilateral)

T7-T11 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve (T12), and L1

what is the innervation of the external abdominal oblique?

Origin: superficial surface of lower ribs; insertion: iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle

what is the origin and insertion of the external abdominal oblique?

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

The external abdominal oblique is connected to the linea alba by the _______________________

superficial inguinal ring

site for passage of spermatic cord in male and round ligaments of the uterus in female

inguinal ligament

ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, lower edge of external oblique aponeurosis

Intercrural fibers

fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis that form the top of the superficial inguinal ring

lateral crus

lateral margin of superficial inguinal ring; attaches to pubic tubercle

medial crus

medial margin of superficial inguinal ring; attaches to pubic symphysis

internal abdominal oblique

the middle layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall; ipsilaterally rotate trunk (unilateral); flex trunk (bilateral)

T7-T11 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve (T12), and L1

what is the innervation of the internal abdominal oblique?

origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament; insertion: inferior border of lower ribs and intercostal margin, linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

what is the origin and insertion of the internal abdominal oblique?

internal abdominal aponeurotic fibers

what internal abdominal oblique is connected to the linea alba by __________________________________

transversus abdominis

the innermost layer of the anterolateral abdominal wall, compresses abdomen and stabilizes trunk

T7-T11 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve (T12), and L1

what is the innervation of transversus abdominis?

origin: internal aspects of lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament; insertion: linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

what is the origin and insertion of transversus abdominis?

aponeurotic fibers

transversus abdominis is connected to its insertion via __________________

rectus abdominis

muscle on the abdomen that flexes trunk and compresses viscera- sectioned by tendinous intersections

T7-T11 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve (T12) [not T12]

what is the innervation of rectus abdominis?

origin: pubic symphysis, pubic crest; insertion: anterior aspect of xiphoid process, anterior aspects of costal cartilages 5-7

what is the origin and insertion of rectus abdominis?

increases

contraction of abdominopelvic muscles ____________ stability of core

Valsalva

the ________________ maneuver entails increasing abdominal pressure by holding a deep breath while contracting the abdominal muscles. the depressed diaphragm increases abdominal pressure and helps push out organ contents during childbirth, urination and defecation.

Superior; the posterior rectus sheath is present

Is the picture a representation of the abdominal wall superior or inferior to the arcuate line? How do you know?

inferior ; there is no posterior rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line

Is the picture a representation of the abdominal wall superior or inferior to the arcuate line?

rectus abdominis

what is 1

external abdominal oblique (cut away)

what would have been at 2 (notice the origin at the superficial surface of lower ribs)

internal abdominal oblique (cut away)

what would have been at 3 (notice the insertion at inferior border of lower ribs and intercostal margin, pubic crest, and pecten pubis)

transervsus abdominis

what is 4

posterior rectus sheath

what is 5

arcuate line

what is 6

transversalis fascia

what is 7

superior epigastric artery and vein and inferior epigastric artery and vein

what vessels are in the rectus sheath?

internal thoracic artery and vein

where do the superior epigastric artery and vein originate?

external iliac artery and vein

where do the inferior epigastric artery and vein originate?

median umbilical fold

what is 1

medial umbilical fold

what is 2

lateral umbilical fold

what is 3

lateral umbilical fold

what is 1

medial umbilical fold

what is 2

median umbilical fold

what is 3

Gubernaculum

Aids the descent of testes and ovaries

aponeurosis of external oblique

what make sup the anterior "wall" of the inguinal canal?

medial half of inguinal ligament

what makes up the "floor" of the inguinal canal?

internal oblique & transversus abdominis muscle

what makes up the "roof" of the inguinal canal?

Tranversalis fascia (this is the weakest part)

what makes up the posterior "wall" of the inguinal canal?

collapses; anteriorly

contraction of the abdominal wall muscles __________ the roof of the inguinal canal, increasing the intra-abdominal pressure compressing the canal __________

True

True or False: failure to "close" the canal can lead to herniation of abdominal viscera

deep inguinal ring

what is 1

Inguinal Triangle of Hesselbach

what is 2

inferior epigastric artery and vein

what is 3

the deep inguinal ring

where do indirect inguinal hernias exit the abdominal cavity?

entire canal

indirect inguinal hernias typically traverse the _________

lateral

indirect inguinal hernias usually occur _________ to the inferior epigastric artery and vein

congenital (often early in life)

indirect inguinal hernias are _______________________

the Inguinal triangle (posterior wall of inguinal canal)

where do direct inguinal hernias exit the abdominal cavity?

medial

direct inguinal hernias usually occur ____________ to the inferior epigastric artery and vein

acquired (often in old age)

direct inguinal hernias are ________________

shortens; descend

in male inguinal development, the gubernaculum ____________, causing testes to __________________ through anterior abdominal wall

shortens; uterus

in female inguinal development, the gubernaculum __________, but is interrupted by the developing _____________________

true

true or false: as the testis and spermatic cord travel through the inguinal canal, they are enveloped by thin layers derived from the abdominal wall

tranversalis fascia: internal spermatic fascia

transversus abdominis: no contribution

internal oblique: cremaster muscle (and fascia)

external oblique: external spermatic fascia

as the testes descend through the inguinal ring, they pick up layers of the muscles they pass. Recall what these these layers become. (Transversalis fascia, transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique)

ductus (vas) deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatics, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2)

what are the contents of the spermatic cord?

testicular artery

what is 1

ductus deferens

what is 2

pampiniform plexus

what 3

dartos

The ____________ fascia and muscle is continuous with Scarpa's fascia, thickens scrotal wall and helps draw testes closer to body for heat regulation

L1-L2

the genitofemoral nerve is innervated by SC levels ___________

superficial inguinal

the lymphatics of the scrotum drain into _______________________________ lymph nodes

tunica vaginalis

covering, particularly of a tubular structure; the sheath of the testis and epididymis

processus vaginalis

The tunica vaginalis is a remnant of this embryological structure

parietal tunica vaginalis, and visceral tunica vaginalis

tunica vaginalis is made up of two layers:

efferent ductules

what is 1

lobules

what is 2

septa

what is 3

tunica albuginea

what is 4

head

what is 5

body

what is 6

ductus (vas) deferens

what is 7

tail

what is 8