Kaarten: C&O Week 6 Part 2 | Quizlet

Technology

Tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments and the skills by which we produce and use them

Information and communication technologies (ICTs)

Not merely things/gadgets, but the constant interplay of social and technical factors

Adaptive Structuration Theory (DeSanctis)

Devloped to explain social-technical interplay of ICTs, such as faithfully using technology (what it was intended for) or ironically using tech (not intended for) - Shows how ICTs influence workplaces through how the ICT changes communication

Platform

A digital infrastructure that enables two or more groups to interact - usually engage in cross-subsidisation (one part of service is free while other generates profit)

Three reasons why we should understand platforms

1. Platforms are foundations upon which economies are built (on-demand/gig economies)
2. Makes us question how management control employees (reputation systems)
3. We don't need to think of platforms as imposing on us - their impacts are not straightforward

Big data

Sets of digitally collected data from a variety of sources that produce high velocity of vast data streams

Algorithms

Rules that specify operations to find trends in data

Algorithymic management

Marrying algorthyms data processing power with advanced software to extract information from big data that allows managers to oversee workers in an optimised manner at a large scale

Analytics

Computerised techniques like algorythims that unvocer and interpret meaningful patterns in big data

People analytics

An application to find patterns in big data derived from employee behaviour, allowing managers to optimise human resources and make evidence-based decisions about hiring, promotion, as well as the organisations strategy

Datification of work

How more and more elements of work are quantified and turned into data

Asynchronous media

Media where parties can communicate at different times and in different places (email, etc)

Synchronous media

Media where both parties are required to interact at the same time (Zoom, skype, etc)

Social presence theory

Addresses an ICT's ability to make people feel like they're together even when they're separated in space and time

Media richness theory

Suggests that ICTs possess particular characteristics, regardless of how they're understood and used in a particular context - people select media that are rich enough to support the ambiguity of the topic they're discussing (e.g using zoom for something more complicated than back-and-forth emails)

Social influence model of media use (Fulk)

Meanings communicatively constructed around ICTs shape their use. - social influences such as communication patterns within an organisation can shape how a given ICT is used

Four concerns for workers with constant connectivity

1. Autonomy paradox - being available anywhere is flexible, but limits autonomy in the sense that you always are available for work
2. Increased stress - ICTs lead to more stress at work and more time working
3. Threatens work-life balance
4. Always potentially monitored by employers

Norm of reciprocity (Golden)

If workers are expected to bring work home via ICTs, they feel empowered to bring their home into the workplace

Knowledge work

Thinking for a living - explicit when we can put it into words, tacit/implicit when it is unconscious and cannot be put into words/coded

Knowledge management

The creation of systems to locate, produce, capture and capitalise on knowledge for organisational benefits

Knowledge repositories

Tools that store learned lessons, practices, profiles etc

Crowdsourcing

Acknowledging the wisdom of the crowd - in terms of technology, its when an organisation proposes a voluntary task to a group of diverse individuals

Approaches to crowdsourcing

1. Calling on users to provide their own data to represent e.g damage caused by a flood
2. Breaking a large job into micro-tasks e.g coding space
3. Offering reward for anyone who can solve hard problem e.g millennial math questions
4. Providing consumer feedback on proposed products or strategies

Disclosure devices

Practices that make people and processes visible, disclosing every detail of what workers do when they're producing and using knowledge e.g KM practices that use ICTs

Internet of things

Network of internet-connected smart objects like lights, speakers, themostats