apush ch 21 the new deal

First New Deal

A series of experiments and policies initiated by FDR aimed at economic recovery and transformation of government's role in American society during the Great Depression.

Banking Crisis

A situation in March 1933 when the banking system was on the verge of collapse, leading to the 'Bank Holiday' and the Emergency Banking Act.

Glass-Steagall Act

Legislation that barred commercial banks from dealing in securities and helped prevent irresponsible financial practices.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A program that provided jobs for unemployed young men focusing on environmental projects and public works.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A law that set production quotas to raise farm prices, paying farmers to plant less, though it often did not benefit poor tenants.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A New Deal agency created to provide flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Social Security Act

A pivotal New Deal law that established a system of social insurance to support elderly and unemployed Americans.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

1933 legislation designed to increase industrial production and improve labor conditions by establishing codes of fair competition.

Wagner Act

A 1935 law that protected workers' rights to organize unions and engage in collective bargaining.

Eleanor Roosevelt's role in the New Deal

As First Lady, she transformed the position into a platform for social reform and advocacy for the rights of women and minorities.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought in the mid-1930s that displaced over a million farmers, leading to increased migration to urban areas.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

A New Deal agency responsible for large-scale public works construction such as roads, schools, and hospitals.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

A government system that insures deposits in banks, aimed at restoring trust in the American banking system.

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

A New Deal agency that helped homeowners refinance mortgages to prevent foreclosure.

Indian Reorganization Act

1934 legislation aiming to reverse the Dawes Act by promoting Native American self-governance and land rights.

Frances Perkins

The first woman to serve in the U.S. Cabinet as Secretary of Labor, advocating for New Deal programs and labor rights.

Southern Veto

The political power exercised by Southern Democrats that shaped New Deal policies to favor white Americans and limit racial equity.

Mary McLeod Bethune

An educator and advisor to FDR on minority affairs, she played a significant role in representing African American interests in the New Deal.

Popular Front

A mid-1930s movement by the Communist Party that sought to ally with socialists and New Dealers for social reforms.

CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations)

A labor organization that aimed to mobilize industrial workers, including significant efforts to include Black workers in labor movements.

Smith Act

A 1940 law making it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the government, reflecting the anti-communist sentiment of the era.

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

A committee established in 1938 to investigate disloyalty and subversive activities, particularly targeting communists and labor leaders.

The New Deal's legacy

While it significantly expanded the federal government's role in the economy, it fell short of addressing racial inequality and left a portion of the workforce unemployed.