HOA1 - ANCIENT ROMAN ARKI

TERRA COTTA AND BRICKS

- materials used for important buildings

TUFA

- calcareous deposits in rome and immediate vicinity

PEPERINO

- stone of volcanic origin from mount albano

TRAVERTINE

- hard limestone of fine quality from tivoli

BASALT

- hard, dense volcanic rock

PORTA ALL'ARCO

- stone city gatway at volterra

- earliest known arch above ground

TUSCAN ORDER

- simplified version of doric order

- 7m high with base

- unfluted shaft

- plain entablature

ATRIUM

- high square or rectangular central hall lighted through a large opening

TEMPLE OF JUNO SOSPITA

- plan has 3 cell for 3 dieties and front portico with 2 rows of 4 columns

TUMULUS

- etruscan tomb type

- a round structure that has partially been excavated and covered with earth

VAULTS AND DOMES

- roofs and the principal roman innovations

DOMES

- used for circular plan

SEMI-CIRCULAR / WAGON

- headed vault barrel

CROSS VAULT

- intersection of two barrel vaults

ARCH

- curved construction which spans an opening

- consist of wedge-shaped blocks called VOUSSOIRS

COMPOSITE ORDER

- roman elaboration of corinthian order

- combination of large volutes of the ionic order and acanthus leaves of corinthian

OPUS INCERTUM

- concrete facing made of IRREGULARLY shaped stones

OPUS QUADRATUM

- RECTANGULAR blocks of stone w/ or w/o mortar joints but secured by dowels and cramps

OPUS RECTICULATUM

- concrete facing so called because the JOINTS were in DIAGONAL lines like meshes or net

OPUS TESTACEUM

- concrete facing of bricks TRIANGULAR on plan and about 1 1/2 thk

OPUS MIXTUM

- concrete facing which consist of tufa introduced at INTERVALS in ordinary brick facing

OPUS PSEUDISODOMUM

- course ashlar having courses of UNEQUAL HEIGHT

SPURS

- catches the thrusts of the main vaults

- where they are concentrated in the pockets above the columned pillar

PINNACLE

- used to avoid oblique thrusts

- placed on top of spur buttresses to help by their weight drive these thrusts more steeply down to earth

MOSAIC AND FRESCO

- principal forms of internal ornamentation of the romans

OPUS TESSELATUM

- made of square tescery of stone, marble or many colored glass to form patters or even picture

OPUS SECTILE

- made of tescery of marble, morphyry or glass cut into shapes to form patterns

FORUMS

- central open space used as meeting place, market, or rendezvous for demonstration

FORUM OF TRAJAN

- greatest of all imperial forum

- largest of the forums carried out by apollodorus of damascus

CELLA

- used for treasure house and museum for greek statuary

PANTHEON

- dedicated to all the gods

- temple is a rotunda

- internal diameter of 143 ft., the distance from the floor to the highest point on the dome

MAISON CAREE

- best preserved roman temple in existence

BASILICAS

- halls of justice and commercial exchanges which is indicated by their central position

- rectangular in plan

BASILICA OF MAXENTUS AND CONSTANTINE

- great rectangular hall is divided into a nave and two sides aisles which inspred MICHAELANGELO for ST. PETERS BASILICA

THERMAE

- palatial public bath of imperial rome

- raised on a high platform within an enclosed wall and underneath were furnaces

TEPIDARIUM

- warm baths

CALIDARIUM

- hot baths

FRIGIDARIUM

- unheated swimming bath

THERMAE OF DIOCLETIAN

- can accomodate 3000 bathers

- sheltered some of the finest sculpture of antiquity were brought from greece

THEATER

- similar to the greek though it is semi-circular in plan and built on a plain or partly on a hillside plain

THE COLOSSEUM

- built to immortalize the name of the flavians, known as the flavian amphiteater

- took 8 years to finish

- consist of three story arches

THE VELARIUM

- immense awning which on special occasion was spread out over the colosseum

- to protect the spectators from the heat of the sun

- set of linen canvas

CIRCUS

- used for horse and chariot racing

COEMETERIA

- tombs

- subterranean vaults contained both columbaria and loculi

TOMB OF CAECILIA

- biggest and most preserved tombs lining the appian way

- 66 ft in diameter rests on a square based

APPIAN WAY

- first of the great roman roads

- queen of roads

TRIUMPHAL ARCHES

- erected to emperors and generals commemorating victorious campaigns

ARCH OF TITUS ROME

- single opening to celebrate the victory over the judeans and the conquest of jerusalem

- earliest known example of a fully developed roman composite order

PILLARS OF VICTORY

- memorial columns erected to record triumphs of victorious generals

INSULA

- block of tenement dwellings which comes in several storeys

AQUEDUCTS

- errected to carry water from the sources of supply located on the high grounds distatn from the city reservoirs