Health Issues - Unit 1

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to embryology and reproductive health issues as discussed in the lecture notes.

Oogenesis

The process of egg (oocyte) development that begins in utero.

Meiosis

A special type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in haploid cells.

Spermatogenesis

The continuous process of sperm production that starts at puberty.

Capacitation

A process that sperm must undergo to become capable of fertilizing an egg.

Polyspermy

Fertilization resulting from more than one sperm, leading to a non-viable embryo.

Zygote

The fertilized egg formed by the union of a sperm and an egg, containing a diploid set of chromosomes.

Gastrulation

The process during which the inner cell mass (ICM) arranges itself into the three primary germ layers.

Trophectoderm

The outer layer of a blastocyst that will develop into extraembryonic tissues, including the placenta.

Embryonic Period

The developmental period from fertilization to the end of the 8th week, during which major organs and systems are formed.

Fetal Period

The stage of development from the 9th week to birth, characterized by significant growth and maturation.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

A fertility treatment that involves placing prepared sperm directly into the uterus near the time of ovulation.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

A procedure involving the injection of a single sperm directly into an egg during IVF.

Aneuploidy

An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, which can occur during meiosis or mitosis.

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)

A condition that can occur with fertility treatments, characterized by swollen and painful ovaries.

Genetic Testing (PGT)

Preimplantation genetic testing used to select embryos with a normal chromosomal complement.