Bilingual History Glossary

primary source - a diary is a primary source

Primärquelle

secondary source - a textbook is usually a secondary source

Sekundärquelle

evidence - we need evidence to support our interpretation

Beleg, Beweis

interpretation - there are different interpretations of the French Revolution

Deutung, Interpretation

perspective - we should consider the author’s perspective

Perspektive, Sichtweise

bias - the source is biased in favour of the king

Voreingenommenheit, Tendenz

monarchy - Britain is a constitutional monarchy

Monarchie

democracy - democracy gives people the right to vote

Demokratie

constitution - the constitution guarantees basic rights

Verfassung

republic - Germany is a republic

Republik

empire - the British Empire had colonies all over the world

Reich, Imperium

colony - India was once a British colony

Kolonie

independence - India gained independence in 1947

Unabhängigkeit

sovereignty - the treaty confirmed the sovereignty of the new state

Souveränität

war - the First World War began in 1914

Krieg

battle - the battle was fought near the river

Schlacht

army - the army occupied the city

Armee

alliance - the countries formed an alliance

Bündnis

treaty - the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919

Vertrag

resistance - there was strong resistance against the occupation

Widerstand

society - industrialization changed society

Gesellschaft

citizen - every citizen has rights and duties

Bürger

equality - the revolution demanded equality

Gleichheit

liberty, freedom - freedom of speech is essential in a democracy

Freiheit

trade - trade between nations increased

Handel

economy - the economy grew rapidly during industrialization

Wirtschaft

to analyze - we analyze the source step by step

analysieren

to compare - compare the two political systems

vergleichen

to describe - describe the picture in detail

beschreiben

to explain - explain why the revolution started

erklären

to evaluate - evaluate the importance of the event

beurteilen

to argue - argue your opinion with evidence

argumentieren

century - the 19th century was a time of great change

Jahrhundert

decade - the 1920s were called the „Roaring Twenties“

Jahrzehnt

era, age - the Middle Ages were a different era

Epoche, Zeitalter

change - there was a rapid change during industrialization

Wandel, Veränderung

continuity - some traditions show continuity over centuries

Kontinuität