B 2.1 Membrane and Membrane Transport and D 2.3 Water Potential

Aqueous solution

When water is the solvent in the solution.

Solvation

Interaction of a solvent with a dissolved solute (referred to as hydration)

3 steps to solvation:

1. Particles of solute separate from each other.

2. Water particles separate from each other.

3. Separated solute and water particles combine to make a solution

In order to dissolve solute, ____, between water must____

hydrogen bonds ; break

What is a Hypertonic solution?

Higer solute concentration in environment and Lower water concentration in environment

What is a Hypotonic solution?

Lower solute concentration in environment and Higher water concentration in environment

What is an Isotonic solution?

Equal solute and water concentration in environment

Hypotonic (what happens)

Water moves from lower solute concentration to area with higher solute concentration.

Isotonic (what happens)

Water movement equal in both directions

Hypertonic (what happens)

Water moves from lower solute concentration to area with higher solute concentration

Diffusion and osmosis are both forms of ______ transport.

Passive

Osmosis requires a _________. Diffusion can occur _____ or ______.

Cell membrane ; with; without

In osmosis, water moves through the ____ of a _______cell membrane.

Aquaporins; selectively permeable

Osmosis will proceed if there is a ____ or ____ exterior cell envioronment.

Hypertonic; Hypotonic

Dynamic equilibrium

Occurs in an isotonic cell environment , water molecules will still move but there is no net movement.

Crenation

Cells placed in a hypertonic solution — Water molecules will move out of cell — Extreme shrinkage where the cell becomes crinkled

Red blood cells burst when:

Cell placed in a hypotonic solution — Water molecules move into cell — Swelling of red blood cells, possibly to the point of bursting

Contractile Vacuole

Aquatic single-celled animals often possess this specialized organelle. It is a regulatory organelle that collects excess water from interior of the cell and periodically empties it into the surrounding environment.

Hydrostatic pressure

The pressure that a fluid exerts in a confined space.