Body Systems

adrenal glands

a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (Adrenaline- fight or flight hormone)

Arteries

Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart

Veins

Blood vessels that carry oxygen poor blood back to the heart

white blood cells

Blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms

red blood cells

Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.

bone marrow

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

circulatory system

Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc… around the body

Dermis

middle layer of skin

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

digestive system

body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

endocrine system

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

urinary system

removes waste from the body

External Stimulus

A change outside the body that

influences other parts of the body.

Fertilization

Fusion of an egg and sperm cell

heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Hypodermis

loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis

hypothalamus gland

regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst

impermeable

Impassable, not allowing passage through (such as by a liquid)

Semi-permeable

membranes that allow some substances through but not others

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

Internal stimulus

A change inside the body that

influences other parts of the body.

small intestine

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

Kidneys

Filter blood from the renal arteries and produce urine as waste

Larynx

voice box

liver

produces bile

Muscular System

enables movement of the body and protects internal organs

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves

neurons

nerve cells

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

pineal gland

secretes melatonin

pituitary gland

Growth hormones- located at the bottom of the brain; regulate growth and development of body and reproductive structures.

Plasma

Liquid part of blood

Platelets

blood clotting

reproductive system

system of organs involved in producing offspring

respiratory system

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

skeletal system

bones

stomach

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

thyroid gland

produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth

Trachea

windpipe

Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

Zygote

fertilized egg

immune system

A system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response