Musculo-skeletal system

Define Endoskeleton

Skeleton on the inside

Muscles on the outside

Name a group of organisms with an endoskeleton

Humans

Define Exoskeleton

Skeleton on the outside

Muscles on the inside

Name a group of organisms with an exoskeleton

Insects

Define Support as a function of the skeleton

Rigid framework that holds the body upright

Define Movement as a function of the Skeleton

Strong rigid bones function as levers moved by the contraction of muscles

Define Bone Marrow as a function of the skeleton

Makes red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Define Protection as a function of the skeleton

Skull protects brain

Ribs protect lungs

How many bones are in the human body?

206

How many bones are in the human body at birth?

270

Name 3 structures that are a part of the axial skeleton

Skull

Spine

Ribcage

Name 3 structures that are a part of the appendicular skeleton

Pectoral girdle

Pelvic girdle

Limbs

Label This Diagram

The Skeleton

How many fused bones is the skull / cranium made up of?

22

List the names and amount of bones that compose the spine / vertebral column

Cervical - 7 

Thoracic - 12

Lumbar - 5

Sacrum - 5

Coccyx - 4

Label This Diagram

The Spine

Define the function of the cartilage discs

Shock absorbers

Define the function of the vertebrae

Support and give shape to the body

Define the function of Cartilage

Prevent friction

What is cartilage made up of?

Collagen

Name 3 places where you can find cartilage

Nose

Trachea

Discs between Vertabrae

Label This Diagram

The Ribcage

Define the function of the ribs

Protect lungs and heart

Define the function of the sternum

Protect heart and lungs

Label This Diagram

The Pectoral Girdle

Define the function of the Pectoral Girdle

Provides connection between the torso and arms

Define the function of the pelvic girdle

Provides strength and support

Label This Diagram

The Arm

Label This Diagram

The Leg

Label This Diagram

The Long Bone

Name 3 examples of the long bone

Femur

Tibia

Humerus

What does the compact bone consist of?

Osteocytes embedded in a matrix of calcium salts and collagen

Define the function of the compact bone

Strength

What does the spongy bone consist of?

Red or yellow marrow

Define the function of the red marrow

Makes red blood cells

Define the function of the yellow marrow

Contains fat storage tissue

Define the function of osteoblasts

Form bone

Define the function of the Osteoclasts

Break down bone

Differentiate between Osteoclasts & Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts - catabolic

Osteoblasts - anabolic

Name 4 factors that affect bone renewal

• Exercise

• Age

• Calcium supply

• Gender

What stimulates osteoblasts?

Weight bearing exercises

Explain Ossification

Growth plate is continuously being formed and turned into bone

Name 3 factors that affect bone growth

• Hormones

• Diet

• Physical Activity

Define Osteoporosis

A disorder that causes bones to become brittle

What is osteoporosis caused by?

Loss of collagen