Cell Structure and Function: Plant and Animal Cell Organelles

What is the structure of the cell membrane

Acts as a protective barrier

What is the function of the cell membrane

Regulates the passage of substances that go into and out of the cell.

What is the structure of the cytoplasm

Gel like material outside the cell nucleus in which organelles are located

What is the function fo the cytoplsam

Holds organelles in place and is the site for chemical reactions

What is the structure of the Cytoskeleton

A network of proteins (microtubules and filaments)

What is the function of the Cytoskeleton

Helps cell maintain their shape and internal organization. Proves mechanical support/enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

what is the structure of the Nucleus

Contains DNA (in chromosomes) enclosed by a porous double membrane called a nuclear membrane

What is the function of the Nucleus

Control center of the cell- controls protein synthesis

What is the structure of the nucleolus

Dense region within the nucleus. Where ribosomal RNA is produced. Combines with proteins to make ribosomes

What is the function of the nucleolus

Serves as the cells control center by housing genetic material.

What is the structure of the ribosomes

Tiny organelles found "free" in cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

What is the function of the ribosomes

Links together amino acids to make proteins (protein synthesis)

What is the structure of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Continuous with the outer nuclear membrane/ Vast system of enfolded membranes. Covered in ribosomes

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Produces and transports proteins to Golgi cell membrane

What is the structure of the Vesicle

Membrane bound containers.

What is the function of the Vesicle

Carry substances throughout the cell

What is the function of the Golgi body

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins or secretion

Involved in creation Lysosomes.

What is the structure of the Golgi body

Flattened, layered sac-like organelle

What is the structure of Lysosomes

Round organelles surround by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes.

What is the function of Lysosomes

Where digestion of cell nutrients take place. Digest organelles and engulf viruses/bacteria- waste removal

What is the structure of Vacuole

Membrane bound sac containing many enzymes

What is the function of Vacuole

Fid of the cell of toxic substances

What is the structure of the Mitochondria

Membrane surrounded, fluid filled sacs inside cells

What is the function of the Mitochondria

Stores the materials for the cell

What is the structure of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane containing own DNA and ribosomes

What is the function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

Supplies energy through cellular respiration (coverts energy stored in glucose into ATP)

What is the structure of the Centrosomes/Centrioles

Smooth membrane that buds off from RER

Small region of cytoplasm, comprised of 2 centrioles

What is the function of the centrosomes/centrioles

Makes lipids. Moves newly made proteins/lipids to Golgi, lysosomes, and membranes/ Break down toxins.

Where microtubes are organized. Regulates cell division

What is the structure of Cilia

Small hair-like protuberances on the outside of eukaryotic cells

What is the function of Cilia

Used for movement and gathering foods.

What is the structure of Flagella

Microscopic hair-like organelle

What is the function of Flagella

Used by cells and microorganisms for movement

What is the structure of the cell wall

Thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant and prokaryotic cell

what is the function of the cell wall

Gives support and structure

What is the structure of the chloroplast

Membrane bound. disc shaped organelle contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

What is the function of the chloroplast

Uses sunlight to create food (Photosynthesis)

Is the cell membrane in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is the cytoplasm in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is the cytoskeleton in plant, animal, or both

both

Is the Nucleus in plant, animal, or both

Both

Nucleolus in in plant, animal, or both

both

Are ribosomes in in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is the rough endoplasmic reticulum in plant, animal, or both

both

Is the vesicle in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is the Golgi body in plant, animal, or both

both

Is Lysosomes in plant, animal, or both

Animal

Is Vacuole in in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is the mitochondria in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is smooth endoplasmic reticulum in plant, animal, or both

both

Is centrosomes/ centrioles in plant, animal, or both

Animal

Is Cilia in plant, animal, or both

Animal

Is Flagella in plant, animal, or both

Both

Is cell wall in plant, animal, or both

Absent in both

Is the chloroplast in plant, animal, or both

Absent in both

What is the difference between smooth and rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The main difference is that the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, giving it a granular appearance and making it the primary site for protein synthesis, while the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes