alcohols

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7 Terms

1
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alcohol to aldehyde

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

observation

product

oxidation

oxidation

primary

K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄

gentle heating & distillation
orange to green

water

2
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alcohol to carboxylic acid

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

observation

product

oxidation

oxidation

primary

K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄

strong heating, under reflux
orange to green

water

3
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alcohol to ketone

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

observation

product

oxidation

oxidation

secondary

K₂Cr₂O₇ / H₂SO₄

heating, under reflux
orange to green

water

4
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alcohol to alkene

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

product

dehydration

elimination

all (primary, secondary and tertiary)

Conc. H₂SO₄, heat

Reflux with concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid.

water

5
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alcohol to halogenoalkane (Cl2)

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

observations

product

substitution

substitution

ALL

Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅)

Room temperature Dry conditions (no water)

Steamy white fumes of HCl gas

hcl + pocl3

6
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alcohol to halogenoalkane (Br2)

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

observations

product

substitution

substitution

ALL

Potassium bromide (KBr) & 50% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

Heat / warm

Often no visible change

water

7
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alcohol to halogenoalkane (I2)

type

alcohol

reagent

condition

observations

product

substitution

substitution

ALL

Red phosphorus & Iodine (I₂)

Heated under reflux

purple to colorless

h3po4