Bio Cell Basics

Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus.

Viruses

Entities not classified as living organisms.

Archibacteria

Ancient prokaryotes living in extreme environments.

Eubacteria

Common prokaryotes found in various habitats.

Multicellular Organism

Organism composed of multiple cells.

Cell Division

Process by which a cell divides into two.

Mitosis

Type of cell division for growth and repair.

Cell Renewal

Process of replacing old cells with new ones.

Cell Structure

Organization of components within a cell.

Living Organism

Entity capable of growth, reproduction, and response.

Cell Complexity

Degree of organization within a cell type.

Nervous Cells

Specialized cells in the brain for signaling.

Cell Function

Specific roles performed by different cell types.

Life Origin

Concept of how life began on Earth.

Cell Types

Categories based on structure and function.

Tissue Growth

Increase in cell number within a tissue.

Cellular Organization

Arrangement of cells into tissues and organs.

Cellular Reproduction

Process by which cells produce new cells.

Bacterium

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms, typically very small.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Important for efficient transport in cells.

Meter

Base unit of length in the metric system.

Centimeter

One hundredth of a meter; 100 cm in 1 m.

Millimeter

One thousandth of a meter; 1,000 mm in 1 m.

Micrometer

One millionth of a meter; 10^6 µm in 1 m.

Nanometer

One billionth of a meter; 10^9 nm in 1 m.

Angstrom

One ten-billionth of a meter; 10^-10 m.

Dimensional Analysis

Method to convert units using equivalent measures.

Metric Scale

System of measurement based on powers of ten.

Volume Transport

Movement of substances across cell membranes.

Efficiency in Cells

Smaller cells have higher surface area ratios.

Kilometer

1,000 meters; larger unit of length.

Gigabyte

1 billion bytes; used in data measurement.

Terabyte

1 trillion bytes; larger data storage unit.

Conversion Factor

Ratio used to convert between units.

Metric Prefixes

Symbols indicating multiples of ten in metrics.

Cell Types Comparison

Analyzing differences in size and function.

Virus Size

Typically measured in nanometers.

Human Cognition Limits

Difficulty visualizing extremely small measurements.

Pikachu Reference

Metaphor for understanding metric measurements.

Data Measurement

Quantifying information in bits or bytes.

Cell Efficiency

Smaller cells optimize nutrient absorption.

Cell Membrane Transport

Process of substances entering or leaving cells.

Scientific Notation

Method of expressing large or small numbers.

Smallest Metric Unit

Nanometer; used in atomic and molecular scales.

Paramecium

Single-celled eukaryote, previously classified as a kingdom.

Kingdom Monera

Former classification for prokaryotic organisms.

Light Microscope

Uses light to magnify specimens, often living.

Epithelial Tissue

Layers of cells creating boundaries in organs.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of flat cells, protective tissue.

Connective Tissue

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues.

Xylem

Vascular tissue transporting water in plants.

Phloem

Vascular tissue transporting sugars in plants.

Girdling

Cutting bark around a tree to kill it.

Microscope Types

Different instruments for observing microscopic structures.

Surface Level Detail

Information focused on the outermost layer.

Living Objects

Specimens that can be observed in real-time.

Organism Behavior

Activities of living cells observed under a microscope.

Photon Absorption

Process where cells take in light particles.

Electron Microscope

Uses electrons for high-resolution imaging.

Cellular Structures

Components that make up cells, visible via microscopy.

Tissue Samples

Sections of biological material for study.

Anatomy and Physiology

Study of body structure and function.

Animal Cell

Eukaryotic cell with complex internal structures.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell performing functions.

Lipid Globule

Fat storage structure in adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue

Connective tissue storing energy as fat.

Plant Cells

Cells with chloroplasts, cell walls, and vacuoles.

Phospholipid

Molecule with a polar head and nonpolar tail.

Polar Molecule

Molecule with uneven distribution of charge.

Nonpolar Molecule

Molecule with even distribution of charge.

Hydrophilic

Substances that are attracted to water.

Hydrophobic

Substances that repel water.

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Entropy

Measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Concentration

Amount of solute per volume of solution.

Aquaporin

Protein that facilitates water transport across membranes.

Thermodynamics

Study of energy transformations in physical systems.

Covalent Bond

Chemical bond formed by sharing electrons.

Hydrogen Bond

Weak bond between polar molecules involving hydrogen.

Lone Pairs

Pairs of valence electrons not involved in bonding.

Solute

Substance dissolved in a solvent.

Solvent

Substance that dissolves a solute.

Cell Membrane

Barrier that separates the interior of cells.

Biological Membrane

Layer of lipids and proteins surrounding cells.

Dynamic Equilibrium

State where concentrations of solutes are equal.

Hypertonic Solution

Solution with higher solute concentration than cell.

Hypotonic Solution

Solution with lower solute concentration than cell.

Isotonic Solution

Solution with equal solute concentration to cell.

Biology Assignment

Task requiring knowledge of biological concepts.

Mastering Biology

Online platform for biology learning and assessments.

Dialysis Bags

Semi-permeable bags used for studying diffusion.

Carbon Dioxide

Gas produced by respiration, composed of carbon and oxygen.

Oxygen

Essential gas for respiration, often involved in bonding.

Nitrogen

Gas that makes up a large portion of the atmosphere.

Cell

Basic unit of life, derived from Latin 'cellulae'.

Microscope

Instrument for magnifying small objects, revealing details.

Magnification

Increase in object's image size compared to actual size.

Resolution

Clarity of an image; distinguishes nearby objects.