bio 111 cal poly lab midterm

phototropism

orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light either towards light or away from it

germination

process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure

chlorophyll

green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis

slide

flat piece of glass used to hold objects for examination under a microscope

holder

holds slide in place for observation

condenser

focuses light; creates sharp images

iris control

controls amount of light that reaches the specimen

eyepiece

lenses that a viewer looks through to see object under microscope

objective lens

increase/decrease the magnification to view the item/species more clearly/closer up

coarse focus

moves objective lens towards or away from specimen

fine focus

fine tune the focus on the specimen

slide adjustment

Knob that allows the user to move the slide around the stage to focus on different parts of the slide.

cell membrane

semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell

enzymes

substance produced by living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about biochemical reactions

nucleic acids

molecules that consist of nucleotides linked in a long chain (DNA and RNA)

ribosomes

bind mRna and tRna to synthesize polypeptides and proteins; large numbers found in the cytoplasm

4 components shared by all cells

cell membrane, enzymes, ribosomes, nucleic acids

plant cell wall is made of

cellulose

fungi cell wall is made of

chitin and glucans

bacteria cell wall is made of

peptidoglycan

bacteria have _______ genomes but animal and fungi have ______ genomes

circular; linear

3 domains

bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes

largest ranking to smallest ranking

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

what can an extremophile do

live in extreme temperatures and conditions

cell association for bacteria, plant, fungus, animal

uni-cellular

multi for next 3

mode of nutrition for bacteria, plant, fungus, animal

hetero and auto

auto

hetero

hetero

specific cell features for bacteria, plant, fungus, animal

flagella, cilia

chloroplasts, cell wall

cell wall of chitin

no cell wall

which domain is the most diverse? which is the most morphologically diverse?

bacteria

eukaryotes

epidermis

outer layer of cells covering an organism

mesophyll

inner tissue of a leaf that has many chloroplasts

palisade cells

plant cells in leaves; below epidermis; their chloroplasts absorb light energy used by leaf

spongy cells

layer of cells in inner leaf that has loosely arranged and irregularly shaped cells; circulate air and exchange gas

stomata

pores in epidermis that allow movement of gases in and out of intracellular spaces

guard cells

curved cells around a stoma; shrink or grow based on pressure in cells

spectrophotometer

measures intensity of light in part of the spectrum

if given a picture of a leaf cell, order the layers

epidermis

palisade mesophyll

spongy mesophyll

stomata

guard cells

which colors are preferred for photosynthesis? which is not?

red and blue

green

endothermic

dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat

ectothermic

regulated body temp by exchanging heat with the environment

homeothermic

Refers to an organism's ability to maintain a constant body temperature despite great variations in environmental temperature.

heterothermic

Externally regulated body temperature, adjust body temperature by sunning, shading, etc.

respiration rate

number of breaths per minute

metabolic rate

Amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time; the sum of all the energy-requiring biochemical reactions.