3.1.1 monomers and polymers

What are the 3 molecules all life contain?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygens

What are the 4 main groups of carbon based molecules common to all life forms?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

What is a condensation reaction?

Joins two monomers together with the formation of a covalent bond, involving the elimination of a molecule of water

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Breaks the covalent bond between two monomers involving the use of a water molecule.

Carbohydrates

Respiratory substrates which provide energy for cells. Used for structure in cell membranes and cell walls in plants.

Lipids

Respiratory substrates which provide energy for cells. Forms a bilayer in cell membranes and make up some hormones

Proteins

Main component of many cellular structures. Form enzymes and chemical messengers.

Nucleic acids

Form polymers (DNA, RNA) which make up the generic material of organisms. Code for the sequence of amino acids.

What is an amino acid

A monomer which makes up proteins.

What is a covalent bond?

Type of chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.

What is a monomer?

One small molecule that combine together to form a polymer

What is a monosaccharide

A single sugar (e.g glucose). The monomers of lomg chain polymers.

What is a nucleotide?

A compound consisting of an organic base and ribose sugar linked to a phosphate group. The form monomers of nucleic acids such as DNA.

What is an organic molecule?

Molecules containing carbon that can be found in living things

Monomer- covalent bond type- polymer made

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, glycosidic bond, polysaccharides

Monomer- covalent bond type- polymer made

Proteins

Amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptide

Monomer- covalent bond type- polymer made

Nucleic acids

Nucleotides, phosphodiester bond, polynucleotide

How does the hydolysis reaction work?

Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other.