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Genotype
2 alleles that code for a phenotype
Phenotype
The trait, the way a genotype is expressed
Dominant
Only needs 1 allele to be expressed
Recessive
Needs 2 alleles to be expressed
Allele
Different versions of the same gene
Parental generation
Pure / true breeds
1st filial generation
Offspring of the pure breeds
2nd filial generation
Offspring of the offspring
FOIL
First Outside Inside Last
Non-Mendelian Genetics
Neither allele is dominant over the other
Trait
A feature of an organism determined by genes and/or environmental factors, that can be passed down through generations
Gene
A segment of DNA with the instructions for building a specific protein, determining a trait or function in an organism, can be passed down to offspring
Incomplete Dominance
No dominant alleles resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes
Codominance
No dominant alles resulting in a phenotype where both alleles are expressed equally
Independent assortment
Alleles of different genes separate independently of eachother during meiosis
Dihybrid phenotypic ratio for heterozygous parents
9:3:3:1
First step for dihybrids
FOIL
Test-cross
Cross the homozygous recessive with an organism that shows the dominant phenotype. The result of the offspring pool will determine the genotype of the original organism.