Genetic Inheritance

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18 Terms

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Genotype

2 alleles that code for a phenotype

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Phenotype

The trait, the way a genotype is expressed

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Dominant

Only needs 1 allele to be expressed

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Recessive

Needs 2 alleles to be expressed

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Allele

Different versions of the same gene

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Parental generation

Pure / true breeds

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1st filial generation

Offspring of the pure breeds

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2nd filial generation

Offspring of the offspring

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FOIL

First Outside Inside Last

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Non-Mendelian Genetics

Neither allele is dominant over the other

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Trait

A feature of an organism determined by genes and/or environmental factors, that can be passed down through generations

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Gene

A segment of DNA with the instructions for building a specific protein, determining a trait or function in an organism, can be passed down to offspring

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Incomplete Dominance

No dominant alleles resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes

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Codominance

No dominant alles resulting in a phenotype where both alleles are expressed equally

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Independent assortment

Alleles of different genes separate independently of eachother during meiosis

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Dihybrid phenotypic ratio for heterozygous parents

9:3:3:1

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First step for dihybrids

FOIL

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Test-cross

Cross the homozygous recessive with an organism that shows the dominant phenotype. The result of the offspring pool will determine the genotype of the original organism.