Judaism

Abraham

is considered the patriarch. God revealed himself to Abraham and made a covenant, promising that Abraham would father a great nation.

Sarai/Sarah

bore Isaac, who became the ancestor of the Jewish people

Ishmael

was born to Hagar, Sarai's maidservant.

Yahweh

God who gave humanity the ability to know right from wrong and take responsibility for actions

Halakha

Set of rules and practices derived from both the written and oral Torah, guiding Jewish everyday living (e.g., what to eat, wear, who to marry).

Kosher Rule

Dietary laws derived from the Talmud, outlining which animals are permissible for consumption and how they must be slaughtered.

Torah

The central sacred text, composed of the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), traditionally believed to have been authored by Moses.

Nevi’im and Ketuvim

The "Prophets" and "Writings," forming part of the Hebrew Bible.

Talmud

A collection of rabbinic studies and interpretations of the Torah, providing legal and moral guidance.

Synagogue

Place of Jewish worship, teaching, and community fellowship.

Magen David

The Star of David, a symbol of Jewish identity and faith.

Menorah

A candelabrum used in Jewish rituals, especially during Hanukkah, symbolizing light and hope.

Sabbath

The most important day in the Jewish calendar, marking the creation of the universe. Observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening.

Yom Kippur

: The "Day of Atonement," a day of fasting and prayer, marking the end of the period of repentance.

Rosh Hashanah:

Jewish New Year, beginning the "Days of Awe." It includes the blowing of the shofar (ram’s horn) and reflection on one's actions.

Pesach (Passover)

: An 8-day festival commemorating the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt, marked by a festive meal (seder)

Hanukkah

: The Festival of Lights, an 8-day celebration commemorating the rededication of the Jerusalem Temple by the Maccabees in 165 BCE.

Shavuot

The Feast of Weeks, marking the giving of the Torah to Moses on Mount Sinai.

Sukkot

The Festival of Booths, commemorating the time when the Israelites dwelt in temporary shelters during their journey in the desert.