concept 10.2: photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food

what does the endosymbiont theory suggest about chloroplasts

that they are structurally and likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria

what about chloroplasts allows them to carry out photosynthesis

the structural organization

where in plants does most photosynthesis occur

in their leaves

what drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast

light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll

mesophyll

interior tissue of the leaf, and its cells can contain 30-40 chloroplasts

why is leaf green

because it is absorbing all the visible spectrum of light except the green wavelength, which is being reflected back

stomata

where CO2 enters the leaf and O2 exits the leaf

what do the veins of the plant do

transport water from the roots and export sugar to non-photosynthetic parts of the plant

describe the structure of the chloroplasts

two membrane envelope surrounding a dense fluid called the stroma, with sacs called thylakoids that are connected and stacked in columns

difference between stroma and stomata

stomata is a pore that allows the flow of gasses and stroma is dense fluid within the chloroplast

thylakoids

sacs in the chloroplasts that can be stacks and contain the chlorophyll pigment

chemical equation for photosynthesis

6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O + light energy —> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O

what do chlorplasts do to water

split H2O into hydrogen and oxygen and make sugar molecule, water and oxygen as a byproduct

what is photosynthesis in regards to cellular respiration

they are opposite processes, photosynthesis reverses the direction of electron flow compared to cellular respiration

what is reduced and what is oxidized in photosynthesis

H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic

endergonic

where is the energy from that “boosts” the photosynthesis reaction

light energy from sun

what are the two stages of photosynthesis

light reactions(photo) and the calvin cycle (synthesis)

where do light reactions occur in the cell

the thylakoids

what occurs during the light reactions in photosynthesis

H2O is split and provides protons and electrons and O2 is released as a by product, NADP+ is reduced to NADPH and ATP is made from ADP by phosphorylation

where does the calving cycle occur

the stroma

what occurs during the calvin cycle

sugar is made from CO2, using ATP and NADPH, CO2 is fixated into organic molecules, and then the fixed carbon is reduced to a carbohydrate by transferring electrons from NADPH

what does NADP+ stand for

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

what does NADP+ do

the electron carrier used to shuttle electrons from the light reaction to the Calvin cycle