Molecular Technology and Translational Dentistry Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering translational research phases, ethical considerations, and innovative digital and biological technologies shaping modern dental practice.

Translation (Biomedical)

The process of converting basic biomedical laboratory research discoveries into clinical interventions that directly benefit human health.

Translational Medicine

A bi-directional concept encompassing the flow of research outcomes into therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive agents from bench to bedside and clinic to laboratory.

T1 Translational Research

The first phase of translational research, or 'Bench to Bedside,' which moves a basic scientific discovery into a clinical application.

T2 Translational Research

The 'Bedside to Practice' phase of translational research that provides evidence of the value of taking a basic discovery into clinical settings.

T3 Translational Research

The phase of research that moves evidence-based guidelines developed in T2 into health practice.

T4 Translational Research

The phase of research that evaluates real-world health outcomes.

Phenotype

The composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as those of the craniofacial musculoskeletal complex.

Informed Consent

An ethical consideration ensuring patients fully understand trial risks and benefits and retain the ability to withdraw at any time.

Augmented Reality (in Dentistry)

An interactive digital tool used to educate on procedural steps, configure tooth height/spacing, and improve precision in aesthetic treatments like veneers.

CAD/CAM Technology

Computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacture technology used to capture digital images of drilled teeth and rapidly produce crowns and bridges.

3D Bioprinting

An emerging technology that deposits biocompatible materials and cells to manufacture medical devices, tissue scaffolds, or replacement organs. The materials must have appropriate crosslinking mechanisms to allow for proper deposition and biocompatibility long term.

Autograft

The transplantation of organs, tissues, or proteins from one part of a patient's body to another location in the same individual.

Allograft

The transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species to a recipient.

Regenerative Dentistry

A branch of dentistry utilizing biological therapies to promote self-healing and regrow natural damaged teeth.

CRISPR (in Dentistry)

A genome-editing method used to turn off genes linked to oral cancer and alter the behavior of plaque-forming bacteria.

Air Abrasion Technology

A drill-less filling method that uses a pressurized stream of fine aluminum oxide particles to spray away decay and surface stains.

LASER dentistry

First developed in the 1960s (ruby laser). Different types of laser became developed (diode laser, carbon dioxide laser, erbium). High prices and specialized design limit accessibility

Laser gum treatments

Lasers kill 98% of bacteria embedded in tooth roots

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) for Gums

A microsurgical procedure where gum tissues are lifted without cutting a mucogingival flap, resulting in less pain, reduced scarring, and faster healing.