World History 10(Abeka) Chap.3

Man's special characteristics

Language and thought, awareness of the difference between right and wrong, freedom to make choices.

Evolution

A destructive faith; a fabled process of progressive change dependent on chance and time, with the origin of life on earth.

Jesus' incarnation, birth, life, resurrection, and ascension

Focal point of history.

Ancient history

From 4000 B.C. to the fall of Rome.

Medieval history

From the fall of Rome to the Protestant Reformation (A.D. 1500).

Modern history

From the Protestant Reformation until present.

Government

Institution that has both authority and power to control, direct, and rule in the actions and affairs of others — obtained by God.

Capital Punishment

After the Flood (Deluge), God gave government the ability to order the death penalty.

Humanism

Worship of man.

Postdiluvian

Means 'post‑flood'; refers to the period after the Flood.

Plain of Shinar

Region where Noah's three sons migrated after the Flood.

Nimrod

Builder of the first world empire; led the construction of Babel (later Babylon).

Tower of Babel

Location where God confused human language, causing people to disperse and form nations.

Origin of Nations

Large groups of people who think of themselves as one and act in history as a single entity.

Origin of Races

Mankind divided into several large groups called races.

Peleg

His name means 'division'; associated with the division of peoples.

Japhetic People

Spoke the Indo‑European common language.

Cradle of Civilization

A term describing the region where some of the earliest human civilizations developed; often associated with the Fertile Crescent.

Fertile Crescent

A rich, fertile region in the Middle East near the Garden of Eden; home to early civilizations.

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Two major rivers in the Fertile Crescent that supported early agriculture and settlement.

Ancient Cultures of the Fertile Crescent

Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Phoenician, Hebrew, Assyrian, Chaldean, Median, Persian.

Mesopotamia

Means 'land between the rivers' in Greek; refers to the region between the Tigris and Euphrates; also called the Plain of Shinar.

Sumer

Site of the first postdiluvian civilization; one of the earliest advanced cultures.

Oldest Sumerian Settlements

Eridu, Uruk, and Ur.

Sumerian Agricultural Developments

Invented dikes and dams for flood control, as well as the wheel and the plow.

Greatest Sumerian Contribution

Writing was the most important achievement of Sumerian civilization.

Ur-Nammu

Developed the world's most ancient known law code.

Culture

The way of life of a group of people.

Civilization

A society with a specialized division of labor and organized systems.

Education

The process of transmitting cultural heritage from one generation to the next.

Edubba

Sumerian tablet house; the first known formal school system.

Textiles

The most important Sumerian industry; production of cloth and fabric.

Ziggurat

A huge temple‑tower built by the Sumerians for worship.

Number 60

Sumerians gave special importance to the number 60 because it is divisible by many numbers.

Astronomers

Sumerians were the first known astronomers and passed their knowledge to later cultures.

Lunar Month

A month based on the moon's cycle.