4.5 The Market Revolution

What states were in the Old Northwest

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Wisconsin (six states that joined the union before 1860)

In the early part of the 19th century, the old Northwest was largely unsettled and relied on what for trade

The Mississippi river to gain access to southern markets and the port of new Orleans

How did the Old Northwest begin to gain connection to the other states in the north

1. military campaigns by federal troops that drove native Americans off the land

2. the establishment of canals and railroads, which created common markets between the great lakes and the east coast

what two inventions helped farm families plant more acres and reap more at harvest time

1. Mechanical reaper

2. steel plow

Lancaster Turnpike

Pennsylvanian road that was built in the 1970s which connected Pennsylvania to the rich farmlands around Lancaster: its success led to the development of more roads that connected major cities

National or Cumberland Road

paved highway and major rout to the west extending from maryland to illinios

what did states rights advocates do to stop internal improvements

they blocked the spending of federal funds (cumberland road is an exception)

Erie Canal

major event in linking economies of western farms and eastern cities: successfully stimulated economy and led to more canals being built

what did increased transportation do for the country

1. lower food prices in the east

2. more immigrants in the west

3. stronger economic ties between the regions

how did steam powered engines effect the location of factories

Before their invention, factories had to be located near a stream when they ran on the power of water, thanks to the steam engine, factories could be anywhere

Robert Fulton

invented the Clermont, which was a steamboat that successfully traveled up the Hudson river

Railroads

The combination of railroads with other internal improvements changed small western towns such as Cincinatti and Detroit into booming commercial centers of expanding the national economy

telegraph

Developed by Samuel morse, transmitted messages along wires almost instantaneously

Rapid industrial growth led to what

less demand in the agricultural sector as manufacturing surpassed agriculture in value

eli whitney

cotton gin

what helped stimulate domestic manufacturing

1. embargo act

2. war of 1812

Lowell System

Textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts recruited young farm women and housed them in dormitories to lure them in from the west

what led to discontent among factory workers

1. long hours

2. bad pay

3. poor conditions

what kept people from unionizing

1. immigrant replacement workers

2. state laws outlawing unions

3. economic depressions that led to high rates of unemployment

What did the cotton gin do for the south

it increased cotton production, which connected the south with the global economy.