ch. 8: exercise and sports nutrition

nutrition

science of food, involves digestive processes (like digestion…)

dietetics

science that applies food and nutrition to health and disease

dietitians

experienced individuals who are experts in food and nutrition; focus on preventing diseases such as CHD; supervise food for clients

dietician vs nutritionist

dietitians are experts in dietetics; nutritionist does not have to be qualified

exercise and sports nutrition

used nutrition and PA to relate it to performance enhancement or preventing diseases

roots of the study of nutrition

ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans

ancient Egyptians influence on the study of nutrition

found that their patients were suffering from a lack of proper nutrition; prescribed enemas and nutritional clysters (injections)

influence of Greeks on the study of nutrition

similar practices to ancient Egyptians; administered wine, whey and milk to their patients

Vitamin era

early 20th century; time when most vitamins were identified and consequences of nutritional deficiencies were identified

WWII contribution to nutrition

soldiers were deficient in proteins, vitamins, and minerals led to development of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and the development of quick meals (cereal)

“omnics”

refers to a field of study of how nutrients interact with genes, proteins, and metabolism respectively. (includes: nutrigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics)

when was nutrition officially recognized as an independent discipline?

April 11, 1933 with the founding of the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)

Ergogenic aids

any supplement, food, or dietary manipulation strategy that improves performance and can delay onset of fatigue

examples of ergogenic aids + effects

creatine, caffeine, beta-alanine, beetroot juice, protein

What was gatorade shown to do?

when first tested on football players in 1965, shown to delay fatigue and prevent heat-related illness.

pros and cons of skinfold measurements

• pros: easily accessible, portable and not expensive.

• cons: requires skills and can be uncomfortable for some

How are the number of kilocalories measured via direct calorimetry?

measuring the change in temperature of the water surrounding the direct calorimeter before and after the activity

What are functional foods?

whole foods

Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for cells?

carbohydrate

Once you're a RDN, entry-level teaching salary ranges from $60,000-$77,000:

True

Which metabolic disorder do 70% of adults suffer from in the US?

obesity

“nutraceuticals”

refers to chemicals in food

RDA for protein

0.8 g/kg body weight; for athletes: 1.2-2.0 g

Antioxidant vitamins

have the ability to protect the body from oxidative, free-radical mediated damage (e.g. vitamins E, C and beta-carotene)

nutrigenomics

study of the interaction of nutrients with the human genome

micronutrients

carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, fiber

food science vs dietetics

food science looks at food; dietetics relate food to enhancing performance and health