Lecture on Monosaccharides

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to monosaccharides, their properties, and their functions within biological systems.

Monosaccharides

The building block carbohydrates that consist of single units.

Tyndall Effect

The scattering of light by particles in a colloid, here demonstrated with monosaccharides dissolved in water.

D-Glucose

An aldohexose, commonly known as blood sugar, used as an energy source.

D-Fructose

A ketohexose known as fruit sugar, abundant in fruits and honey.

Structural Isomers

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

D-Galactose

An aldohexose that is part of lactose, or milk sugar.

Diastereomers

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another, such as D-glucose and D-galactose.

D-Ribose

An aldopentose that is a structural component of RNA.

D-Deoxyribose

An aldopentose used in DNA, distinguished by having one fewer oxygen atom.

Hydrogen Bonding

The attraction between molecules that occurs due to the presence of hydroxy groups, leading to high boiling and melting points.

Polarity

The presence of a positive and negative charge within a molecule, which influences its solubility in water.

Sweetness Score

A relative measure of how sweet a carbohydrate tastes, used to compare different sugars.

Sucrose

A disaccharide commonly known as table sugar, used as a reference in sweetness comparisons.