legal studies 160 lecture definitions

Actus Reus

Criminal act

Causation

Link between act and resulting harm.

Harm

Loss injury or damage

Mens Rea

State of mind

Mimesis

Showing

Diegesis

Telling

Extradiegesis

Outside narrator

Intradiegesis

Narration inside the story with thoughts and actions

Metadiegesis

a story within a story

Homodiegesis

Narrator inside the story

Heterodiegesis

Not in the story but knows all

Narrative Blueprint

a mold of the legal story

Deviance

Violates a social norm

Crime

Violates a formal law

Forseeability

The ability to project the likely outcome of an act

Novus Actus Interventions

Natural Cause

Human Agency

Can relieve liability because it is a break in the chain of events.

Defenses

Justification

Excuse

Justification

Argues the act itself is not wrong

you got this

stay locked

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure

Privacy

Fifth Amendment

Self incrimination

Double jeopardy

Grand Jury

Sixth Amendment

Speedy and public trial

Impartial jury

Eighth Amendment

Cruel and unusual punishment

Reasonableness Clause

requires that actions, decisions, or requirements in a contract be fair, sensible, and appropriate under the circumstances.

Warrant Clause

Requires a warrant only be issues upon probable cause

Need a warrant to search and sieze

Extenuating Circumstances

Plain view

Traffic stops

Consent

Airport and border security

Police Procedurals

a sub genre of crime fiction that focuses on the step by step process of investigation

Markers of Police Procedural

- Emphasis on investigation

- Realistic portrayal of police work

- Focuses on process

- Story

Prolepsis

Foreshadowed event of detail

Analepsis

Interrupts chronological sequence to present something from the past

Public hangings and executions

17th Century

Printing of sermons and development of crime genre

17th Century

Sensationalized accounts developed into literary alternatives

18th Century

Trail reports and newspaper coverage

18th Century

Puritan order transformed into conflicted moral and social perspectives

18th Century

Sexual exploits shows shift from spiritual confessions to documentary auto biography.

18th Century

Mediation shifts from ministers to printers

18th Century

Weak journalistic accuracy

19th Century

Penny press

19th Century

Casual consumption

19th Century

Factual coverage

19th Century

Dramatization

19th Century

Saving lives not souls

19th Century

Non Fiction as literary art

19th Century

Social media discourse

19th Century

Criminalistics

science reliant on investigative methods and forensic analysis

Criminology

Study of crime and criminal behavior

Employs all the techniques of fictional art but was nevertheless immaculately factual

Nonfiction Novel

Stranger intimacy

Getting familiar with the unfamiliar

Would Culture

Desensitization to gore

Bodies turn into information and information turns into a spectacle

Normality

Idea that there is a general overarching idea of normal

Habituation

We are used to things

Art exists to make stone stony

Show new perspective and unfamiliarized

Text

anything that contains information

Form

how an image was created

Content

what is actually in the image

Frame

Boundary between image and whats around it

Frame Features:

how far / much

size

film

focus

Mobile Frame:

Pan: Horizontal movement

Tracking: Moves on tracks

Tilt

Drone / Crane: Birds eye view

Zoom

Handheld: Personal

Forn: No cuts

Code

Any sign which is recognized by society

Contact

Channel of communication

Message

Information addressor sends to addressee

Coding

Anchorage

Image choice and cropping

Genre

Color

Juxtaposition

Statute

Requirement to report child abuse or stop and help in a car accident

Contract

Doctors and lifeguards

Voluntary Assumption of Care

when a person becomes dependent on care a duty may be established

Creation of Peril

If a persons acts wrongfully create a dangerous situation for another person then there isa legal duty to prevent harm