Child Abuse(Chapter 4)

When defining child physical abuse
a. All states include only harm; not risk of harm
b. All states include both harm and risk of harm
c. Some states include only harm; some states include only risk of harm
d. All states include harm; some also include risk of harm

All states include harm; some also include risk of harm

You read a report that tells you there were 323,000 cases of child physical abuse in 2006 under the harm standard. This is providing you with data about the of abuse.
a. incidence
b. prevalence
c. incidence and prevalence
d. none of the above

Incidence

You read a research study that says 28% of adults surveyed had experienced child physical abuse. This is providing you with data about the of abuse.
a. incidence
b. prevalence
c. incidence and prevalence
d. none of the above

Prevalence

Approximately what percentage of cases handled by DSS are about physical abuse?
a. 10.1%
b. 22.7%
c. 37.6%
d. 54.8%

22.7%

Robert is beaten so badly by his step-father that he is intensive care. This abuse would be categorized as
a. Fatal
b. Serious
c. Moderate
d. Mild

Serious

Joann's arm was broken by her mother. Her abuse would be categorized as
a. Fatal
b. Serious
c. Moderate
d. Mild

Serious

Brad was spanked so hard by his father that he had red marks on his buttocks for two days. His abuse would be categorized as
a. Fatal
b. Serious
c. Moderate
d. Mild

Moderate

Which of the following is a positive outcome of corporal punishment?
a. Internalization of morality
b. Immediate compliance
c. Lower rates of aggression
d. Better relationship between parents and child

Immediate compliance

Which of the following statements is true regarding research findings on corporal
punishment?
a. It is associated with more positive outcomes than negative outcomes.
b. It is associated with more negative outcomes than positive outcomes.
c. It is associated with an equal number of negative and positive outcomes.

It is associated with an equal number of negative and positive outcomes

When assessing bruises on a child, you should consider
a. the placement of the bruises
b. the color of the bruises
c. the age of the child
d. all of the above

All of the above

Which of the following bruises is likely to be the oldest?
a. a red one
b. a black/purple one
c. a yellow one
d. you cannot tell by color

A yellow one

Which bruise location is most concerning when assessing for abuse?
a. a bruise on the shin
b. a bruise on the elbow
c. a bruise on the back
d. a bruise on the forehead

A bruise on the back

Fractures are the most suspicious if seen in a
a. 6-month-old
b. 2- year-old
c. 5-year-old
d. 15-year-old

6-month-old

Which bones are more likely to be broken in abusive situations?
a. wrist bones
b. long bones of arms and legs
c. finger bones
d. toe bones

Long bones of arms and legs

What is the most likely result of a fall from 3 feet?
a. no injury
b. minor injury
c. fractures
d. life-threatening injury

No injury

The chance of death from a short fall (less than 1.5m/4.7 feet) is slightly less than
a. 1 in 100
b. 1 in 1,000
c. 1 in 10,000
d. 1 in 100,000
e. 1 in 1,000,000

1 in 1,000,000

According to the research by Barlow et al. (1983), of the 61 children who fell four or more stories, how many were killed?
a. 61
b. 60
c. 31
d. 14

14

How hot does tap water have to be before it causes second degree burns?
a. over 100 degrees
b. over 115 degrees
c. over 130 degrees
d. over 145 degrees

Over 130 degrees

How hot does tap water have to be before it first causes a pain response?
a. 100-105 degrees
b. 114-118 degrees
c. 125-130 degrees
d. 145-165 degrees

125-130 degrees

At what age are children most likely to be killed by maltreatment?
a. 0 to 4 years
b. 5 to 9 years
c. 10 to 14 years
d. 15 to 18 years

0 to 4 years

Who is most likely to be guilty of fatal neglect?
a. Mother
b. Father
c. Father substitute (step-father/boyfriend)
d. All of the above are equally likely to be guilty of fatal neglect

Mother

A mother tells you that her son was feeling ill and she massaged a heated oil on the child's neck, spine, and ribs. Then she ran a coin along the skin leaving red marks. She has engaged in:
a. Mongolian spots
b. Cao Gio
c. Caida de Mollera
d. None of the above

Cao Gio

Brad is a victim of physical abuse. When a classmate accidentally bumbs into him, Brad gets very angry and insists that the other child hurt him on purpose. Brad is demonstrating
a. immaturity
b. aggression
c. a hostile attribution
d. none of the above

A hostile attribution

Physically abuse children have higher rates of than their non-abused peers.
a. juvenile delinquency
b. adult criminal records
c. violent crime
d. all of the above

All of the above

True/False A single bruise that is nonaccidental is evidence of abuse in all states

False

True/False Corporal punishment is illegal in the United States.

False

True/False Corporal punishment is associated with a host of negative outcomes

True

True/False The negative outcomes associated with corporal punishment do not persist into adulthood.

False

True/False Some countries have passed laws making corporal punishment illegal.

True

True/False Bans on spanking significantly reduce child physical abuse.

False

True/False Bans on spanking result in the elimination of spanking as a form of punishment.

False

True/False Children are more likely to attempt to hide abusive injuries than accidental injuries.

True

True/False Mongolian spots area a sign of abuse.

False

True/False Physically abused children are less likely to misbehave at school than are non-abused children.

False

True/False Physically abused children are more likely to have an insecure attachment than are non-abused children.

True

True/False Children who are physically abused are more likely to be aggressive than are non-abused children.

True

Define child physical abuse.

An act by a caregiver that results in a nonaccidental injury to a child.

How does (insert home state) define child physical abuse?

will vary depending on state of residence

What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Incidence is the number of new cases occurring or being diagnosed in a year. While prevalence is the number of cases that exist in a specified population at a given point in time.

Should corporal punishment be legal in the U.S.? Why or why not?

Either response is correct as long as the student supports their answer.

What positive effect is consistently linked with corporal punishment?

: Immediate compliance

List 3 negative consequences associated with corporal punishment that are seen during childhood

Any three of these: lower levels of moral internalization, increased aggression, increase in delinquent behavior, increase in antisocial behavior, poorer quality of relationship between parent and child, lower levels of mental health

What are the most common visible symptoms of a head injury?

depressed level of consciousness, respiratory distress, seizures, and vomiting

What are the visible symptoms of shaken baby syndrome?

extreme irritability, problems with feeding, lethargy, and poor muscle tone

Describe a glove burn

A glove burn covers the fingers and hand with an even edge and no splash marks. It is a suspicious burn.

If a child had cigarette burns, what locations on the body would make you more suspicious of abuse? What areas would be less suspicious?

More suspicious areas: abdomen, genitals, areas of the body usually covered by clothing
Less suspicious areas: fingers and mouth

Complete the following sentence. I would be concerned about maltreatment if a child had bruises that were....

: There are several possible answers. For example:
- located on the trunk of the body or behind the ears
- at different phases of healing as indicated by color
- shaped like an object

Complete the following sentence. I would be concerned about maltreatment if a child had tap water burns that were...

There are several possible answers. For example:
- the burn made a perfect glove or sock impression with no splash marks
- the body is burned with the exception of the buttocks

Define Cao Gio. Should it be considered child abuse? Why or why not?

Cao Gio is the Southeast Asian practice of coin rubbing. Coins, or spoons, dipped in heated oil, are rubbed along the child's skin as a medical treatment. Students may argue that this is or is not abuse, as long as they support their claim.

List two examples of gendered physical abuse

Female Genital Mutilation and Breast Ironing

What explanations are provided to explain why child physical abuse is associated with poor school performance?

Failure to perform well in school may be related to behavior problems that interfere with learning. Some children may suffer from intellectual problems due to brain injury that resulted from abuse; others do not perform well in school because they are too distracted by their home situation to concentrate. Still others struggle because they miss a lot of school. Students may be kept home when their parents are attempting to hide an abusive injury, or the child may be too hurt to attend. In either case, their sporadic attendance is, at least partially, to blame for their school failure. Finally, abusive families frequently move around a great deal, which leads to discontinuity in the educational process. All of these factors can negatively impact school performance.

Define suicidal ideation. How is it related to child physical abuse?

Suicidal ideation is thoughts about suicide; plans to end one's life; it may include suicide attempts. A history of child physical abuse increases the rate of suicidal ideation.

Define PTSD.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that occurs in response to experiencing extreme stress (generally involving actual or threatened death or serious injury). The person experiences symptoms including re-experiencing the event, avoiding stimuli reminiscent of the event, and increased arousal for at least one month.

List three psychiatric disorders associated with child physical abuse.

Any 3 of these: depression, PTSD, dysthymia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder, Bipolar Disorder