AP Euro Vocab Unit 1.1-1.11

Petrarch

father of humanism; admiration of Cicero

Filipo Brunelleschi

His duomo inspired by Roman Pantheon

Jan Van Eyck-Pieter

Brueghel the Elder- Rembrandt

Northern Renassiance - more focus on daily life and religious themes. 

Johan Gutenburg

printing press - humanist writings available to wider European audiences. 

El Greco

mannerism - end of High Renaissance before Baroque; architect of the Spanish Renaissance, known for his intensely spiritual, elongated, and often contorted figures.

Erasmus

Christian humanism - Dutch humanist; wrote in vernacular (In Praise of Folly). 

Kepler

laws of planetary motion - provided foundation for Newton’s gravitational theories. 

Leonardo Bruni

Civic humanism - Roman republic seen as model by humanists.

Machiavelli

Advisor to the Florentine Republic and wrote “The Prince.”

Medici

Sponsored artists Raphael, Michelangelo, Da Vinci, etc. 

Pico della Mirandola

humanism - “On the Diginity of Man.” 

Rene Descartes

“Cogito ergo sum” - “I think, therefore, I am.” 

Sir Francis Bacon

scientific method

Vesalius

anatomy - de humani corporis fabrica

Baldassare Castiglione

The Book of Courtier; manual of manners and social conduct for nobles.

Lorenzo Valla

philogical studies - identified several different stages in the development of the Latin language.

individualism

emphasis on the individual rather than the community

civic humanism

virtues that people were forming in their mind ought to be applied to the political and economic realities of the state in which they live. 

Baldassare Castiglione

The Courtier: served as a guide for how an educated young man should behave in courtly society, namely to be a gentleman.

How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Renaissance?

North focused on people and ordinary objects as appropriate subjects for art.

Christian humanism

The blending of Christianity and humanism - human beings were far more capable than previously believed. A simpler, more original form of Christianity.

mercantilism

world’s wealth was a pie - there was only a certain amount and if i wanted more, i would have to cut into someone else’s slice. goal was to get as much gold and silver into the national coffers as possible.

favorable balance of trade

more exports than imports

Colbert

aimed to create policies in France that enabled French industry to create everything the people needed so that they didn’t have to import these goods from elsewhere. 

Maritime empires

Sea-based empires.

Trading Post Empire

Trading ports were established rather than taking land to expand their peoples and empire.

commercial revolution

money became prioritized over land

money economy

goods and services were paid for in money, instead of other goods and services

double-entry bookkeeping

this system meant that big amounts of money were being used in banks.

dutch east india company

created to oversee trade ventures in the indian ocean.  

price revolution

prices steadily rose for about a century and a half.