Horace Test Two

memento

imperative

+ infinitive (servare - to keep)

2.3/1

Dellius

- represents topic of poem: mortality

- friend of Horace who changed sides often

bearis

beaveris

Falernian

- marked the wine by consul at the year it was jarredt

sororoum...trium

- three sisters/fates

- spinner, holder, cutter

- spin thread of life

Inachus

royal Greek line

Orcus

- /Pluto

- god of the underworld

- references to dieties in first poem

cumbae

- skiff

- dat w impositura

- Charon's boat (ferryman of the dead), crosses river Styx

- metonymy for irreversible death

Poem 2.3

- don't be excessive in sadness or happiness bc it won't last for long

- it's the fate of all to die - rich or poor, etc

- have a balanced attitude of good and bad

- Poplar & pine trees + brook show need for balance in action & attitude

- imagery of thread + allusions to dieties

Poem 2.14

- addressed to Postumus (name means born after death of father)

- aging/escaping death is inevitable

- Goodness, religious devotion, sacrifices to gods don't change what happens to rich and poor

- also talks about crossing river styx

- war is in vain, all material things will be gone except cypress tree (death)

- mythical allusions to Geryon and Tityus

pietas

- Roman devotion to gods, state, family

- saying even something this important wont save Romans from death

Geryon

- three headed monster king killed by Hercules

Tityus

- eternally damned for trying to rape someone

Austrum

- autumn

- unhealthy part of the year in Italy

Daunus

- father of 50 daughters, 49 who killed their husbands on wedding day and were punished in underworld

Sisyphus

- example of ppl who tried to escape death

- chained up death, sentenced to rolling rock up hill

III.13

- addressing Bandusian fountain, near Horace's birthplace

- Uses contrasts (hot red blood of the kid vs cold clear water of fountain, young life cut short by sacrifice vs permanence of the living spring) to show what's permanent or not

- poetry is and will therefore make its subjects (the fountain) immortal/noble next to other springs

Canicula

- dog star, Sirius

- indicates warm weather

- + goat gives summer imagery

III.30

- put's his works qualities next to Rome's permanence

- his achievement of bringing Greek poetry will outlast any monument

- when he dies will escape persephone thru his poetry

- Talks about ceremony where priest rises up w vestal virgin

- sacral sense w irony brought up - sacrifice of Agamemnon's daughter)

- compares himself to the humble Daunus

- lots of tricolons

Libita

- goddess of death/funerals

Aufidus

- river in Apulia

- where Horace was born

Aeolium

- Aeolic poetry

- Greek home of poets Sappho and Alcaeus

Delphic laurel

- site of Apollo

- god of poetry

- laurel was sacred for him

Gratia

- three graces

- were personifications of beauty

Aeneas

- founder of Roman race

Diana

- virgin goddess who tried to have Hippolytus resurected

Theseus

- killed minotaur, king of athens

- tried to kidnap persephone from underworld, died

- friend still stuck in chains