Relational Database and SQL
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138 Terms
The data can be defined as ________________.
raw fact that has meaning and can be measured
3 multiple choice options
Information is the result of ______________.
processing raw data to reveal its meaning
3 multiple choice options
The database should be designed to store all __________ that a business needs and be able to provide _______ that the user needs.
data, information
3 multiple choice options
In this book, you will learn how to develop a database to store raw data, and how to produce information by processing the data. In each chapter you will learn __________ and ____________.
database development, SQL
3 multiple choice options
A database is ____________.
a collection of organized data
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following databases is the most popular and focus of this book?
relational
3 multiple choice options
What type of database is not structured, and has no apparent relationships between records, thus making it necessary to read the entire file in order to find a specific record?
flat-file
3 multiple choice options
Data is organized into a tree-like structure. The relationship allows a parent table to have multiple children tables but a child table can only have one parent table. This is describing which type of database?
hierarchical
3 multiple choice options
If a database is for a tutoring center of a university, then the mini-world is the _____________.
tutoring center
3 multiple choice options
A database should be a(n) _____________ of the mini-world.
abstract
3 multiple choice options
The first step for a database designer is to understand the ____________.
mini-world
3 multiple choice options
The part of the real world the database is related to is known as the ____________.
mini-world
3 multiple choice options
Word processor software to your paper is like _________to databases.
DBMS
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is NOT DBMS?
IBM
3 multiple choice options
The _____________ is the data that users are interested in.
user data
3 multiple choice options
THE DBMS uses ______ for the structure of the user data. It is data about data.
Metadata
3 multiple choice options
The word "relational" in relational database refers to a _____.
table
3 multiple choice options
In relational databases, a table contains one or more _______________.
records
3 multiple choice options
In relational databases, a record contains one or more __________.
fields
3 multiple choice options
A _________ is the tool that is required for working with a database.
DBMS
3 multiple choice options
The __________ includes the DBMS software together with the data itself. Sometimes, the applications are also included.
Database system
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a typical sequence when a user works with a database?
user > application > DBMS > user data
3 multiple choice options
The __________ usually works with DBMS directly by issuing __________, statements.
users, NOSQL
3 multiple choice options
What are the two meanings of schema in database concepts?
structure and container
3 multiple choice options
When a database schema is the ________ of the relational database.
blueprint
3 multiple choice options
When a database state changes, the database ___________ must be respected.
schemas
3 multiple choice options
One meaning of schema is a container that holds one or more __________.
database objects, such as tables and views
3 multiple choice options
Before the RDBMS era, the use of databases was very _____.
costly
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following was a problem for using databases before the RDBMS era?
it required highly trained programmers
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following was a problem for using databases before the RDBMS era?
a single program could only be tied to a single database, which made it difficult to have another program use the same data
3 multiple choice options
Who is usually considered the founder of the relational databases?
Dr. E.F. Codd of IBM
3 multiple choice options
The first commercial RDBMS was introduced by __________.
Oracle
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is not a modern, popular challenger of the relational database?
hierarchical database
3 multiple choice options
Adding one ore more new records to a table or a view in SQL Server is what type of SQL command?
DML
2 multiple choice options
Creating a SQL Server database object such as a table, view, or stored procedure is related to what type of SQL command?
DDL
2 multiple choice options
According to the author of the book, why do we build models?
to better understand more complex real-world objects or events
3 multiple choice options
A model is ___________ a mini-world
an abstract of
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good model?
The model must map the mini-world objects
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good model?
The model should fit its purpose
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a characteristic of a good model?
The model is just an abstract; certain details are purposely ignored
3 multiple choice options
A data model has to include __________, which is the structure of the database, _________ that work on these constructs, and __________ for the data.
constructs, operations, constraints
3 multiple choice options
In a data model, the ___________ are entities and the relationships among the entities.
constructs
3 multiple choice options
In a data model, the _________ are specifications for how to insert or update a construct.
operations
3 multiple choice options
In a data model, the _________ are restrictions on data that allows the data to reflect the min-world more accurately.
constraints
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good model?
Engines
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is NOT a concept of ER model?
blueprint
3 multiple choice options
The first step in data modeling is _____________.
documenting the business description
3 multiple choice options
The business description document usually includes _____________.
user expectations and criteria to measure success
3 multiple choice options
The business description serves as a _______.
communication tool between the customers and the developers
3 multiple choice options
A business description usually includes __________.
supporting documents
3 multiple choice options
The __________ is/are derived from the business description and focus on the policy and rules of the mini-world.
business rules
3 multiple choice options
Each business rule typically starts with _________.
singular noun
3 multiple choice options
Most business rules are paired with ____________.
two objects
3 multiple choice options
A(n) ________________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the mini-world about which we wish to develop the database.
entity
3 multiple choice options
A single occurrence of an entity type is ___________.
an entity instance
3 multiple choice options
The ________ is an entity type whose existence completely depends on another entity.
weak entity
3 multiple choice options
A department has several student clubs. The department needs a database to keep data about the clubs and students. Which of the following is NOT an entity in ERD?
department
3 multiple choice options
A course (an instance) has a prerequisite of another course (an instance). Both courses are from the same COURSE entity. The "a course may have one or more prerequisites" is a ___________ relationship.
unary
3 multiple choice options
An example of a __________ relationship is " a manager manages other employees." In this example, both managers and employees are from the EMPLOYEE entity.
unary
3 multiple choice options
An example of a __________ relationship is "a person is married to another person." Both are from the PERSON entity.
unary
3 multiple choice options
A ____________ relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types. An example of such a relationship is "an instructor teaches zero or more course."
binary
3 multiple choice options
According to the author of our textbook, the ___ relationships are the most popular form of relationships. You will see many examples of such relationships throughout the book.
binary
3 multiple choice options
A ___ relationship is a relationship among instances of three entity types. For example, a supplier ships a product to a retailer.
ternary
3 multiple choice options
If an instructor can teach many courses and each course can be taught by only one instructor, this is a ________ relationship.
1:M
3 multiple choice options
If a student can take zero or many courses and each course must have at least one student. This is a ____________ relationship.
M:N
3 multiple choice options
If each student has one computer lab account and each computer lab account belongs to at most one student is an example of _____________ relationship
1:1
3 multiple choice options
If an entity can have zero instances in the relationship, it is __________. It is shown as __________ in ERD.
optional, small circle
3 multiple choice options
If an entity has one or many instances in the relationship it is _________. It is shown as _______ in the ERD..
Mandatory, a short vertical line
3 multiple choice options
Connectivity
the specifics of how two entities are related. showing their relationship to each other (i.e- 1:M, 1:1, M:N)
Cardinality
expresses the specific number of instances in an entity (0,1 to 1,1)
A ________ is an association between the instances of one ore more entity types. For example, Tom Smith (an instance of INSTRUCTOR) teaches Introduction to Computer Sciences (an instance of COURSE).
relationship
3 multiple choice options
How many entity types are in the relationship is called the __________ of relationship. Examples include unary, binary, or ternary.
degree
3 multiple choice options
The _________ of a relationship is about how many instances of entity are associated with each instance of the participating entity. For example, 1:1, 1:M, M:N)
connectivity
3 multiple choice options
The ________ of relationship shows the minimum and maximum entity instances possible in the relationship.
cardinality
3 multiple choice options
A relationship such as "a STUDENT takes a COURSE" can have a(n) _________ called final grade.
attribute
3 multiple choice options
In database design, an unweighted student GPA attribute has the _________ of between 0 and 4.0 for many schools.
domain
3 multiple choice options
The _______ are the properties used to describe an entity or a relationship. For example, an INSTRUCTOR entity may include the instructor ID, first name, last name.
attributes
3 multiple choice options
Each attribute has a set of possible values called a(n) __________.
domain
3 multiple choice options
Each attribute has a set value associated with it. For example, an instructor ID may be an integer, and the first name and last name should be a string of letters. Such a value set is called the attribute's ___________.
data type
3 multiple choice options
In ERD, an entity can have one or more attributes; A __________ can also have attributes.
relationship
3 multiple choice options
Different levels of abstraction can serve different purposes. Business users usually just need a _______ and _______ model, and don't need a ________ model.
conceptual, logical, physical
3 multiple choice options
A _______________ model will help the users and developers to define the scope of the project.
conceptual
3 multiple choice options
A __________ model will help users determine if all the data needed are in the model and if no extra data is included in the model.
logical
The _________ model focuses on why we need to model the data; e.g. student records must be accurate and kept for a long time.
contextual
3 multiple choice options
A model at the _____ level brings together all business stakeholders with their vision and strategy and their resulting priorities into a set of principles.
contextual
3 multiple choice options
All data models serve the purpose of __________.
communication between the developers and the customers.
3 multiple choice options
A model at the ________ level focuses on data requirements with entity and relationships, answering "what" questions, such as "what are the entities/objects you are going to model?
conceptual
3 multiple choice options
In a model at the __________ level, you start adding attributes to each entity and relationship. Determine attribute domains and decide which attributes can uniquely identity each record.
logical
3 multiple choice options
In a model at the __________ level, you first select the DBMS. In this book, you will use SQL Server. Then, add the data type for each field.
physical
3 multiple choice options
An SQL SELECT statement allows you to select _________ from a table.
one or more columns
3 multiple choice options
What does the following SQL statement do?
SELECT FirstName, LastName, GPA
FROM Admission.Student;
Retrieve all students' first names, last names, and GPA from the student table.
3 multiple choice options
The * in the SELECT clause of an SQL statement indicates selecting _________.
all columns
3 multiple choice options
What does the following SQL statement do?
SELECT DISTINCT Firstname, Lastname
FROM Admissions.Student;
Retrieve all students' first name, last name without duplicates for both first and last names.
3 multiple choice options
When the DBMS generates output, there is no guarantee that the result rows will appear in a certain order. You can use __________ clause to fix the problem
ORDER BY
3 multiple choice options
A ________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity or a relationship that is of interest to the user.
attribute
3 multiple choice options
After you build the conceptual model of a database, you can move on to the logical design by adding the _________ to the entity and relationships.
attributes
3 multiple choice options
In ERD, you use {LastName} to indicate a _____ attribute call LastName.
multivalued
3 multiple choice options
Only entities can have attributes.
False
A _________ attribute has a single atomic value that cannot be subdivided.
Simple
3 multiple choice options
A ________ attribute is the one that can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.
composite
3 multiple choice options