Chapter 12 - Key Relationships

Roman

If the root of the chord is altered, add a b or before the ________ numeral to show that the chord is built on an altered pitch.

Mode mixture

Harmonic technique of combining chords from a major key and the parallel minor, or mixing the parallel major and minor modes using the b3, b6 and b7 from the parallel natural minor

Picardy third

One of the most common uses of mode mixture when in minor is the practice of ending a piece with an authentic cadence using a major tonic

Modulation

The process of moving from one tonal center to another, with or without changing the key signature

Tonicization

When we have a region of a new key or experience a temporary sense of a new tonic by the occurrence of one or two non-diatonic chords

To analyze and notate chords in a major key whose quality has been altered by mode mixture:

• Adjust the Roman numeral to uppercase or lowercase to reflect the change in the third of the chord.

• If the root of the chord is altered, add a b or # before the Roman numeral to show that the chord is built on an altered pitch.

• If the chord has been altered to be augmented, add the + sign; if the chord has been altered to be diminished, add the diminished (°) sign.

• As a general rule, since these mixture chords are derived from lowered scale degrees, resolve the chromatic alterations down.

modulation usually occurs

to closely related keys because they have common chords between them.

modulation occurs

within a phrase by using a chord common to both the old and new key, or by changing tonal centers directly as a new phrase or section begins.

difference between modulation and tonicization

The occurrence of a convincing cadence and significant time in the new key.

common modulations

• From major to the relative minor (the submediant)

• Modulation to the dominant

• Modulation to the subdominant

• Modulation from major to parallel minor

most common modulation

from major to the relative minor (the submediant)