Chapter 27: Seedless Plants

Antheridia

________ are gametangia that produce sperm cells, and archegonia are gametangia that produce eggs.

Megaspores

________ give rise to female gametophytes that produce eggs.

Meiosis

________ occurs within the capsule of the sporophyte to produce spores.

Hornworts

________ (phylum Anthocerophyta) have thalloid gametophytes.

Zygote

The ________ grows into an embryo that develops into a moss sporophyte, which is attached to the gametophyte.

lobelike thalli

Many liverworts (phylum hepatophyta) have gametophytes that are flattened, ________; others are leafy.

mature sporophyte plant

The ________ develops from the embryo and produces sporogenous cells (spore mother cells)

Bryophytes

________ are the only plants with a dominant gametophyte generation.

Fertilization

During ________, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell in the archegonium.

Mosses

________ (phylum Bryophyta) have gametophytes that are green plants that grow from a filamentous protonema.

Ferns

________ and other vascular plants have xylem to conduct water and dissolved minerals and phloem to conduct dissolved sugar.

Microspores

________ give rise to male gametophytes that produce sperm cells.

Fern sporophytes

________ have roots, rhizomes, and leaves that are megaphylls.

Sporophytes of club mosses

________ (phylum Lycopodiophyta) consist of roots, rhizomes, erect branches, and leaves that are microphylls.

spore germinates

When a(n) ________, it grows into a protonema that forms buds that develop into gametophytes.

Seedless vascular plants

________ have several adaptations that algae and bryophytes lack, including vascular tissues and a dominant sporophyte generation.

Plants

________ probably arose from a group of green algae called charophytes.

Sporophytes of whisk ferns

________ have dichotomously branching rhizomes and erect stems; they lack true roots and leaves.

Horsetail sporophytes

________ have roots, rhizomes, aerial stems that are hollow and jointed, and leaves that are reduced megaphylls.

evolution of heterospory

The ________ was an essential step in the evolution of seeds.

colonization of land

The ________ by plants required the evolution of many anatomical, physiological, and reproductive adaptations.

fern gametophyte

The ________, called a prothallus, develops from a haploid spore and bears both archegonia and antheridia.

gametophyte plant

The ________ produces gametes by mitosis.

zygote

The ________ develops into a multicellular embryo that the gametophyte protects and nourishes.

Plants

________ have a waxy cuticle to protect against water loss and stomata for gas exchange needed for photosynthesis.

Ferns

________ (phylum Pteridophyta) are the largest and most diverse group of seedless vascular plants.

seedless vascular plants

As in bryophytes, reproduction in ________ depends on water as a transport medium for motile sperm cells.