Types of Subculture

CRIMINAL: provides youths with an ________________ in utilitarian crime

Apprenticeship for a career

They arise in neighbourhoods with a _________________ criminal culture with an _____________ of professional adult crime

Stable and longstanding

Established hierarchy

CONFLICT: arise in areas of high _______________, resulting in high levels of _________________ and prevents a stable professional criminal network developing

Population turnover

Social disorganisation

So only __________ opportunities are available within ________________

Illegitimate

Loosely organised gangs

In these, violence provides a release for…

Status is earned by winning ‘turf’ from…

Young men's frustration

Rival gangs

RETREATIST: in any neighbourhood, not everyone aspires to be a potential _________ and these people are _____________

Criminal

Double failures

They fail in both the legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structure - many turn to retreatist subculture based on…

Illegal drug use