The Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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Chemistry

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1

What are all substances made from?

Atoms

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2

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

An atom

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3

Approximately how many different elements are there?

100

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4

Where are all of the elements shown?

The Periodic Table

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5

What are formed from elements by chemical reactions?

Compounds

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6

What do chemical reactions always involve?

The formation of new substances

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7

What is this the definition of: Substances containing two or more elements chemically combines in fixed proportions

Compound

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8

What is this the definition for: Something consisting of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together

Mixture

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9

Which processes can be used to separate mixtures?

Filtration, Crystallisation, Distillation, Chromatography, Fractional Distillation

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10

Before the discovery of electrons what were atoms thought to be?

Tiny spheres that could not be divided

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11

Which model was created due to the discovery of the elctron?

The Plum Pudding Model

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12

What does the Plum Pudding Model suggest about the electron?

That it is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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13

What did the results from the alpha particle scatting experiment show?

That the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre (nucleus) and the nucleus was charged

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14

How did Niels Bohr adapt the nuclear model?

He suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

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15

What is the name given to small positively charged particles in the nucleus?

Protons

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16

What did the experimental work of James Chadwick provided the evidence for?

Neutrons

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17

What is the relative charge of the proton?

+1

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18

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

0

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19

What is the relative charge of an electron?

-1

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20

In an atom the number of electrons is equal to the number of

Protons

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21

What is the atomic number of an element?

The number of protons

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22

All atoms of a particular element have the same number of?

Protons

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23

Atoms of different elements have different numbers of

Protons

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24

What is the radius of an atom?

0.1nm (1x10^-10m)

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25

How many times smaller is the radius of the nucleus compared to the atom?

10,000

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26

What is the relative mass of a proton?

1

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27

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

1

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28

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Very small

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29

What is the mass number of an atom?

The sum of the protons and neutrons

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30

What do we call atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Isotopes

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31

Isotopes of an element have a different number of?

Neutrons

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32

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

The average values of the abundance of the isotopes of the element

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33

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found on the lowest energy level?

2

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34

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found on the second energy level?

8

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35

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?

In order of atomic number

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36

What do we call a column in the periodic table?

Groups

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37

What do we call rows in the periodic table?

Periods

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38

What do elements in the same group in the periodic table have in common?

The same number of electrons in their outer shell

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39

Before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons how did scientists classify the elements?

Arranging them in order of their atomic weights

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40

How did Mendeleev overcome problems with creating a periodic table?

By leaving gaps for undiscovered elements

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41

Elements that react to form positive ions are

Metals

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42

Elements that do not form positive ions are

Non-metals

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43

The majority of elements are

Metals

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44

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

To the left and bottom

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45

Where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

To the right and top

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46

What do we call the elements in Group 0?

The noble gases

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47

Why are Group 0 elements unreactive and do not easily form molecules?

They have stable arrangements of electrons

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48

How many electrons do the noble gases have in their outer shell (excluding Helium)

8

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49

What happens to the boiling point of the noble gases as you go down the group?

It increases

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50

Which noble gas has 2 electrons in the outer shell?

Helium

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51

What are the elements in Group 1 know as?

The alkali metals

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52

How many electrons are there in the outer shell of the alkali metals?

1

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53

How does the reactivity of the elements in Group 1 change as you go down the group?

It increases

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54

What is the general equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with chlorine?

What is the general equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with chlorine? Alkali metal + Chlorine makes Metal chloride

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55

What is the general equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with water?

Alkali metal + Water makes Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

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56

What is the general equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with oxygen?

Alkali metal + Oxygen makes Metal oxide

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57

What are the elements in group 7 known as?

The Halogens

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58

How many electrons do the Group 7 elements have in their outer shell?

7

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59

How are the halogens found?

In pairs of atoms

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60

As you go down Group 7 what happens to the boiling points of the elements?

It increases

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61

As you go down Group 7 what happens to the relative molecular mass of the elements?

It increases

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62

As you go down Group 7 what happens to the reactivity of the elements?

It decreases

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63

What will a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive halogen when in an aqueous solution of its salt?

Displace it

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64

What transition element is used in the Harber process?

Iron

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65

What transition element increases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water?

Manganese (IV) oxide

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66

What can the transition elements form?

Coloured compounds Ions with different charges

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67

What colour does Iron(II) hydroxide, Fe(OH)2

Pale green

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68

What colour does Iron(III) hydroxide, Fe(OH)3

Orange Brown

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69

What colour does Iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3

Red-brown

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70

What can the transition elements be used as?

Catalysts

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71

What are the transition elements?

Metals

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72

What are the main transition elements?

Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickle, Copper

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73

How should the transition elements be simplified as?

Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu

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74

What do the transition elements have in common?

They have similar properties

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75

How do the transition elements differ from Group 1 metals?

higher melting points higher densities Stronger and harder Reactivity with oxygen, water and halogen -Conducts electricity

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