Adult Development & Aging Cumulative Final

All of the following are normal age-related changes in the eye except:

The part of the retina known as the macula deteriorates

Chantelle notices that her grandmother‘s memory is not as good as it used to be. Her grandmother also notices this change in her memory. In spite of her memory problems, Chantelle‘s grandmother can clear can think clearly and is able to perform normal daily activities such as going to the grocery store, preparing meals, and doing her laundry. Based on this description declined and Chantel‘s grandmother‘s memory most likely can be attributed to

Mild cognitive impairment

68-year-old David hasn’t had a massive stroke and fell into a coma. Once he was out of his coma at the doctors noticed that, even though he could produce words and speech, he couldn’t seem to understand the meanings of words spoken by others. In this scenario, which of the following areas of David’s brain was damaged that caused this symptom?

Wernickes area

In which design do researchers follow and assess participants from multiple cohorts overtime?

cross sequential

The development of rheumatoid arthritis. A chronic illness becomes more common age can best be explained by which theory of biological aging.?

autoimmune

All of the following individuals are 65 years old. Based on the information provided for each, which of them would be considered the youngest in terms of their social age?

Julie, who is not retired and has no grandchildren

Data showing that after age 85 black women show a slight longevity advantage compared to white women best align with which of the following hypothesis for race base differences in longevity?

Age as survival

The expression, even an old dog can learn new tricks meaning that with training and practice older adults can learn new skills and acquire knowledge is best exemplified, which of the following principles of life span development as theorized by Paul Baltes?

Development is plastic

Barry is 83 years old and has dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease. According to the textbook Barry will display greater than normal age related declines in

Olfaction

Hormone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk for all of the following except

Osteoporosis

As we discussed in class, heterogeneity is a feature of older adult populations. This means that

Older adults are more different from each other than from those in earlier age groups

______ theory states that biological aging is caused by the shortening of ____, which are protective structures at the end of chromosomes

Programmed senescence, telomeres

Examples of normative history, graded influences include all the following except

Death of a spouse

Which of the following are most likely to be members of the same generational cohort?

A current college student in Los Angeles and a current college student in London

James is a person who everyone wants on their trivia team. He can remember vast amounts of information and recall facts easily. In his spare time, James loves doing crossword puzzles, because of his extensive vocabulary knowledge, he is quite good at them. He is always trying to gain more knowledge through reading books and watching documentaries and TED talks. James is high in

Crystallized abilities

Based on what we know about psychosocial factors that affect memory performance in older adults, which of the following individuals would be expected to do the worst on a memory test?

Lois, who has chronically high levels of perceived stress

Based on what we know about, age related changes in crystallized and fluid abilities on, which of the following test, would we expect an older person to do better than younger person?

Vocabulary test

All of the following art changes and brain structure and function that are outlined in the biological approach explaining age changes in memory, except

Recruitment of new brain regions when retrieving information from memory

Jane is an elementary school teacher in a large urban school district. There is a lot of bureaucracy and red tape she has had to cut through in order to get supplies for her classroom. Fortunately, Jane is very good at getting around the bureaucracy and cutting through the red tape to get the supplies, her classroom meet. According to Roberts Sternberg‘s triarchic theory of intelligence Jane is demonstrating ___ knowledge and aspect of ____ intelligence.

Tactic, practical

Although 70-year-old Denise did not start using computers until she was in her 40s and the Internet until her 50s over the year she has come to greatly come to rely on these technologies in order to do many things such as staying connected to family and friends staying informed of current events online shopping pay bills and taxes and managing her prescriptions and doctors appointments. Denise feels at the current life would be much different without the advent of computers and the Internet. The change in the course of Denises adult development as the result of technology can be classified as an example of

Social aging

Which of the following is true regarding age related changes in the musculature?

Increasing physical activity levels can slow the rate of age related decline in the musculature

The idea that lower education levels are associated with lower paying jobs, which in turn affect the food one eats where one lives in the general environment to conditions such as pollution and crowding best exemplifies, which of Glymour, Ertel, and Berkman’s models of how the timing of risk exposure, influences development?

1. Social trajectory model

Which of the following is the most accurate conclusion from the case of Sister Mary from the nun study?

Entering later, life of cognitive reserves can help one to compensate for damage to the brain, such as neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease

As a part of a study on each differences in memory performance 75-year-old Irma is going to complete a series of test that assess her level of functioning across different different types of memory. Based on what you know about which types of memory declined with age and which ones do not on which memory test should Irma do the best?

A test of semantic memory

Which of the following statements about life expectancy the United States is not accurate?

The life expectancy of New Yorkers and Californians are among the lowest in the country

Results from directed forgetting tasks were participants are shown to lists of words and then asked to recognize words from the second list of often revealed that the ____ processes decline with age

Inhibition

FaceTime what we talked about in class working memory one of the two components that make up the verbal IQ of the WAIS can be best measured by

The backward digit span

Which of the following statements is not accurate in regards to sex and race base differences and sensory aging?

Older African-American adults score lower on all senses except vision

Professor Ming studies the effects of trauma on mental health across the lifespan. She plans to conduct a study that includes participants from the following age ranges, 6 to 12, 13 to 19, 20 to 40, and 50 to 70. All of her participants will be from an area that experience a natural disaster, such as a deadly hurricane earthquake. Professor Manwell then look at the symptoms of depression and anxiety in each of the age groups to draw conclusions about age related differences in the processing of traumatic events. Which of the following research designs does it sound like professor Ming is going to use?

Cross-sectional

Everything’s 80-year-old Pat makes pumpkin pie for his family. With ages become difficult for him to roll out the dough to make the crust this year. He’s going to buy premade pie crush from the grocery store. According to the SOC model Pat is engaging in

Compensation

Reggie is in college studying to become a speech therapist. According to Schaie he is in which stage of cognitive development?

Achieving stage

The terror theory biological aging best explains, which of the following chronic illnesses of people are more likely to develop as I get older?

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion of Seattle longitudinal study?

Call decline with age is not entirely biological based nor is it irreversible

Which of the following contributes to the condition of presbycusis?

Atrophy and degeneration of hair cells in the cochlea that results in the decreased inability to convert sounds into neural impulses

Consuming food, high and ____ can help to neutralize ___ which are unstable atoms that can damage shells, causing illness and aging

Antioxidants, free radicals

One criterion of post formal thought is

The awareness that problems have different solutions of relative strength not just the ones that are right or wrong

Allison is approaching her 60th birthday. She realizes that her eyesight and hearing are not as good as I used to be and when visiting her daughter and graduate school climbing the stairs to the fourth floor has become more difficult. However, allison has become more patient over the years is better at solving difficult problems and has more confident and favorable view of herself than she had in her 20s and 30s. This example best represents which principal of adult development and aging?

Changes are continuous over the lifespan

Which of the following diseases potentially can be managed by lifestyle interventions, such as having a healthy diet and exercising more?

Type two diabetes

Age related changes in the vestibular system can lead to

Balance problems

As people get older, the more they need to turn their head to see what they used to see at the corner of their eye because of a decrease in their

Peripheral field

Social emotional selectivity theory proposes

Our time horizon influences with whom we spend our time

As one ages there is a reduced inability to discriminate among

Blues and violets

According to Robert Sternberg’s triarchy theory of intelligence, someone who scores high on Guilford‘s alternative uses test a measure of creativity that asked people to think of as many uses as possible for a simple simple object is demonstrating

Experimental intelligence

The buildup of fatty plaques in the walls of the coronary arteries is known as

Atherosclerosis

As we saw on the clip from the doctors that we watched in class and the past few years rates of … have risen dramatically in… Populations

Sexually transmitted infections, older adults

Which of the following factors is not considered to be a major contribution of health disparities among Asian black Hispanic and white adults?

Genetics

James continues to wear the same style sneakers, keyboard growing up despite objections from his wife that he is too old to wear that style. Whitbourne’s identity process theory would suggest that James is engaging in.

Identity assimilation

Someone who believes that their intellect is flexible and will focus on the process of learning has a…

Incremental self theory

Judy son has been noticing that his mother has periods of abrupt decline. Memory function, followed by periods of mild recovery. This ”scalloping” pattern is most consistent with …

Vascular dementia

Leonard, who is 48 is described as organized and disciplined. Which of the big five personality traits would Leonard rate high in?

Conscientiousness

The big five factors appear to be linked to various aspects of health and well-being. Which of the following has conscientiousness been linked to?

Health behaviors that contribute to a long life

Self-reported levels of which big five personality trait does not seem to increase with age?

Extraversion

The neurodegenerative effects of Alzheimer’s disease are most pronounced in which of the following brain regions?

Hippocampus

When people remake a reconstruct life as they understand it so that it is more purposeful, and consequently grow personally from the experience of grief, they are engaging in…

Meaning making

Which of the following represents the best example of chronic stress?

A parent caring for their child who is disabilities

The rituals that the Jewish faith carries out called sitting Shiva, where people stop usual activity and receive visitors at home for a week as an example of

Mourning

If young people pass through adolescence without developing a strong sense of personal identity, according to Ericson, what difficulty will they experience during young/emerging adult hood?

They will have problems with intimacy

A person who has an ability to understand, personal drives, values, and goals has, which of the following sub constructs of emotional intelligence?

Self-awareness

Which of the following is the most important resource for proactive coping?

Social support

Which statement accurately reflects the experience of widowhood?

Women live longer than men and are less likely to remarry

All of the following are advantages of the DSM5 classification except

Medical terminology implies internal cause

Lieberman and Peskin identified four different ways that individuals respond to life events, including…

Depression, preoccupation/withdrawal, changing oneself, changing life circumstances

David has a malignant brain tumor that is in operable. He has said that he would promise to be a better person if he could survive. He begs to be allowed to live long enough to see Alaska in the northern lights. Which stage of grief is he experiencing?

Bargaining

Wanda has worked at the same job for nearly 20 years and yet a few of her coworkers know much about her. She is quiet and reserved. Barely goes out on the weekend and seems anxious a lot of the time. Considering the typological approach to personality development Wanda would be considered

Over controlled

Belinda who just turned 48 has begun volunteering at her local library. According to Erickson Belinda will likely develop

Generativity

Jada is watching the movie The Lion King at a gathering with her friends and some other people who she doesn’t know. Every time she watches the movie, she cries during the part where Simba’s dad dies. She doesn’t want to cry in front of strangers so she leaves the room to use the restroom during the scene of Mufasa’s death. According to James Gross process model Jada’s most likely using, which of the following emotion regulations strategies?

situation modification

Ava is in her first semester of college and has three final scheduled on the same day which is causing her high levels of stress. By asking one of her professors if she can take the final exam on another day, Ava is engaging in…

problem, focused coping

Which of the following is most likely to not to be classified as an anxiety disorder?

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience, disenfranchise grief?

Toby, whose sister died of a drug overdose

All the following statements about socioemotional selectivity theory are true except

It is only applicable to older adults

When a person is abandoned or isolated from others, such as an a nursing home this may best be referred to as… Death

Social

What is the earliest pre-clinical symptom of Alzheimer’s disease?

Deterioration of language

62-year-old Robert has a Neurodegenerative disease where he has Parkinson like symptoms such a slow movement walking difficulty and tremors. He also experiences hallucinations, cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances where he acts out his dreams. Robert diagnosis is most likely

Lewy body dementia

In the timing of events model personality development is dependent on…

Significant life of that that occur different times for different people

All the following physiological changes are associated with the acute stress response, except

Increase salvia production and digestion

Research on age differences in emotional intelligence revealed that older adults with higher levels of ___ showed EI ability that did not significantly differ from that of younger adults

Education

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, someone was ill limited time perspective would be most likely to pursue, which of these following goals?

Deepening close relationships

Eye tracking and dot probe mythologies have been used to study

Positivity effects in attention

What are the symptoms associated with the final stages of Alzheimer’s disease?

Loss of any awareness of oneself

Serious mental illness could include

A significant increase risk of suffering, death, pain, and disability

Troy is a man who is very moody. He worries all the time about every little thing. He is irritable and not much fun to be around. What big five personality trait does his behavior describe?

Neuroticism

According to Heckhausen and Schultzs lifespan theory of control which statement below is accurate regarding age related changes in primary and secondary control?

The pattern of change in primary control across the lifespan, resembles an inverted U

People who are observed, is having adaptability under stress and are well adjusted, and self-confident are seen as having… Personalities

Ego resilient

… Is the single most common element and suicide, regardless of age?

Depression

Katrina has given her son the legal right to make healthcare decisions on her behalf and in the event that she is unable to do so. What advanced directive did you prepare?

Durable power of attorney