physical and chemical properties

physical property

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its identity, such as color, density, or melting point.

chemical property

a characteristic that describes a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances, such as reactivity with acids or oxidation states.

examples of physical property

include color, odor, mass, and volume.

examples of chemical properties

include reactivity, flammability, and pH.

physical change

a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance, such as a change in state or shape, without altering its chemical composition.

chemical change

a change that results in the formation of one or more new substances with different chemical properties and compositions.

examples of physical changes

include changes in state, shape, and size, such as melting, freezing, or dissolving.

examples of chemical changes

reactions like burning, rusting, or cooking that produce new substances.

properties of metals

shiny, malleable, hard, react with acid

properties of nonmetals

dull, brittle, soft, do not react, poor conductor

properties of metalloids

can be shiny or dull, hard or soft, typically do not react, semi conductors

compounds

substances formed when two or more elements chemically bond together, exhibiting different properties from the individual elements.

mixtures

combinations of two or more substances that retain their individual properties and can be physically separated.

elements

pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, made up of only one type of atom.