3.3-3.4 Political Ideologies, Political Values and Beliefs

Political culture

collective attitudes, values, and beliefs of citizenry and norms of behavior in political system

individualism

belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over gov restrictions

neoliberalism

(conservative) belief in limited gov intervention in economy and society

communism

belief in abolition of private property with near total gov control of economy

socialism

belief in reduction of income disparities and nationalization of major private industries

fascism

extreme national ideology favors authoritarian rule and rights of ethnic majority over minorities and political opposition

populism

political philosophy that supports rights of common people over that of state

example in China

National Supervisory Commission

• top anti-corruption agency

Gov tech

• using facial recognition and ai to trace Uyghurs

  • gov rationalized that these measures are necessary to prevent terrorism related to Uyghur separatists

example in Russia

Alexei Navalny, politician campaigning against Putin and corruption, was poisoned and then later ‘died’ in high security prison

example in UK

In 1980s, moving to a more neo-liberal economic policy under Thatcher PM

• to reduce UK’s ownership and management of major industries

post-materialism

social valuing of self-expression and quality of life, leads to applying pressure on gov to address environmental issues and social/econ inequality

• moving towards non-material goals

  • LGBTQ+ rights, environmentalism, gender equality, personal autonomy, etc.