🪲Biology CB1 🪲

What is mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair. Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction.

What are phenotype and genotype?

Phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by genetics and environmental factors. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of the alleles inherited from its parents.

What are alleles and their role in genetics?

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome, influencing the traits of an organism.

What is an ecosystem and biodiversity?

An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment, while biodiversity refers to the variety of life in the world or a specific habitat.

What are proteins and their significance?

Proteins are large biomolecules made up of amino acids, essential for function and structure in living organisms, playing critical roles in various biological processes.

What is cellular respiration and ATP?

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in living organisms.

What is osmosis and diffusion?

Osmosis is the movement of water from a high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane, while diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What is genetic engineering and cellular differentiation?

Genetic engineering is the process of altering the genetic material of an organism to achieve desired traits. Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

What is the role of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.

What is homeostasis?

The regulation of internal conditions to maintain a stable environment within an organism.

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

How do enzymes work?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, making it easier for the reaction to occur.

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.

What is a substrate?

A substrate is the specific reactant that an enzyme acts on during a chemical reaction.

What is enzyme denaturation?

Denaturation is the process in which an enzyme loses its functional shape due to factors like extreme temperature or pH, rendering it inactive.

What is microscopy?

Microscopy is the use of microscopes to view samples and objects that cannot be seen by the naked eye.

What are the main types of microscopes?

The main types of microscopes include light microscopes, electron microscopes, and scanning probe microscopes.

What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

A light microscope uses visible light to illuminate samples, while an electron microscope uses a beam of electrons for higher resolution images.

What is magnification in microscopy?

Magnification is the process of enlarging the appearance of an object, expressed as a multiple of its actual size.

What is resolution in microscopy?

Resolution is the ability to distinguish two close objects as separate, determining the clarity of the image produced by a microscope.