biostats

pollution

7 million deaths

According to 2014 WHO report, in 2012 air pollution caused around

natural/man made and anthropogenic

The sources of air pollution can be divided into two:

air pollutants

are substances dwelling temporarily or permanently in the

air. These substances alter the environment by interfering with the health and

comfort of living organisms, and even the food chain.

primary

= are emitted directly from identifiable sources.

Major primary pollutants: particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide,

nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon

monoxide, and lead.

secondary

= are produced in the atmosphere when certain chemical reactions

take place among primary pollutants. Some primary air pollutants

react with one another or with other chemicals present in the

atmosphere to form this type.

Examples: atmospheric sulfuric acid

smog / photochemical smog

a noxious mixture of gases and particles produced when strong sunlight

triggers the reaction in the atmosphere. The major component of

photochemical smog is ozone.

kyoto protocol

is an international agreement created under the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change in Kyoto Japan in 1997. It aims to reduce the

collective greenhouse gas emissions of developed country at least 5% below

1990 levels.

agricultural waste

this includes: agricultural processes, fertilizers, pesticides and other

substances or chemicals being used for agricultural purposes.

industrial pollution

this constitute about 90% of soil pollution. It includes improper disposal

of waste, toxic fumes from regulated landfills.

urban activities

this includes human activities, improper drainage and increase runoff,

improper disposal of trash, increase waste deposition, and decomposition

of too much bacteria.

indoor air quality

refers to air quality within and

around the buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and

comfort of occupants in the buildings.

carcinogen

is any substance or agent that can cause cancer

lung cancer

where does radon cancer located

smoking

introduces harmful chemicals that directly damage your cells’ DNA and disrupt normal cell behavior, which can lead to cancer.

asbestos

• If people breathe in these tiny fibers, the fibers can get stuck deep in the lungs. which distrupts the cell and causes mutation

aflatoxin B.

This chemical or substance is produced by fungus

Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains, nuts, and peanut butter. This

is a very potent (strong) carcinogen and a naturally occurring microbial

carcinogen.

hepatitis b and papiloma virus

have been found to causecancer in humans.

morbidity

encompasses disease, injury, and disability. has been defined as any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well-being.

Overall attack rate

the total number of new cases divided by the total population.