Unit 3 part 4

ways to produce ATP

anaerobic respiration

aerobic respiration

creatine phosphate

aerobic respiration

-Uses oxygen In mitochondria

-Produces 34-38 ATP

-Preferred by the body

anaerobic respiration

Without oxygen

In cytoplasm

Produces 2 ATP

Produces lactic acid

what energy is used for long distance running?

aerobic

what energy is used for sprinting

anaerobic

creatine phosphate

When the ATP is needed, the -P is transferred back to ADP to make ATP.

- Only produces enough energy for short bursts of activity.

- Your liver, kidneys & pancreas make creatine (it's derived from some proteins in your diet).

what creates one action potential?

a single nerve impulse

are AP always the same size?

yes

what determines tension

The rate of nerve impulses to a muscle

increase of frequency of stimulation=

increase force

how many neuromuscular junction does each muscle fiber have?

one

true or false somatic nerve may branch to many fibers.

true

motor unit

a somatic motor neuron & all the myo fibers it stimulates

are motor units small or large for Myo's precise movement

small

more motor units recruited=__________& _________ the contraction

stronger and longer

it takes _____ for a muscle's AP to cause a contraction

time (2msec)

latent period

time between stimulus and contraction

Ca2+ is being transported back into the SR

refractory period

The fiber can't contract again until after the _________ is over

refractory period

true or false Different types of muscle fibers vary in their refractory period lengths

true

what are some differences muscle fibers can have

myoglobin, mitochondria & capillaries (ones with more are redder) and can vary in speed of contraction

type 1

slow oxidative

type 2b

fast glycolytic

type 2A

fast oxidative-glycolytic

type 1 is used when

posture

type 2B USED WHEN

walking

TYPE 2A used when

sprinting

myoglobin content high high low

T1, T2B, T2A

Capillary content High medium low

T1, T2B. T2A

mitochondrial content packed, medium, sparse

T1, T2B, T2A

what is striated, has actin and myosin, larger and more mitochondria, intercalated discs, and requires a constant supply of oxygen

cardiac muscle

what has slower contractions (no t-tubulues), longer contractions (bc ca2 stays in sarcoplasm longer), partial contraction state,

smooth muscle

origin

the muscle attachment on the fixed bone. Usually proximal

insertion

muscle attachment on the moving bone. Usually distal

agonist

main muscle causing the movement

antagonist

stretches/yields to agonist.

synergist

aids the prime mover and prevents unwanted movements

fixator

stabilizes the origin of the prime mover. It holds the bone still that the agonist is attached to