anatomy

aortic valve stenosis

the aortic valve doesn't open and close right, blood leaks through and pressure builds in heart

Atrial septal defect

a hole in the septum between r and l atria. causes oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich blood to mix

coarction of the aorta

narrowing of the aorta that reduces blood flow. causes high blood pressure and damages heart tissue

complete atrioventricular canal defect

a hole between the r and l atria and the right and left ventricles. causes blood from all four chambers to mix

patent ductus arteriosus

a hole in the aorta called the ductus arterioles that allows blood to pass over lungs. hole is supposed to be closed at birth but sometimes doesn't and is left open or patent

pulmonary valve stenosis

thickening of pulmonary valve. causes valve to not open all the way and reduces amount of blood flow to heart

tetralogy of fallot

hole between the r and l ventricles, aorta lies over the hole, right ventricle thickens, blood flow from the heart to the lungs is blocked

ventricular septal defect

a hole in the septum between the r and l ventricles causes oxygen-poor blood and oxygen-rich blood to mix