Psych/Soc 5

anxiety disorder

excessive fears and/or anxiety for future real and hypothetical threats and no clear present threats

phobia

a specific fear

panic disorder

suffered at least one panic attack and worried about more of them

Social anxiety disorder

fear/anxiety around social sitatuions

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

excessive anxiety or worry without cause

Depression

sad, empty, irritable feeling or worthlessness

major depressive disorder

suffered more than one major depressive episodes

bipolar disorder

cyclic mood episodes between poles of depression and mania

Bipolar 1 disorder

intense mania huge upswings followed by big crash

Bipolar II Disorder

manic phases less extreme more depression driven

Schizophrenia

A mental disorder characterized by abnormal thinking, hallucinations, delusions, and difficulty in distinguishing between reality and fantasy. It often includes social withdrawal and impaired cognitive function.

PTSD

Exposure to a traumatic event resulting in intensive fear or horror

Personality Disorder

personality traits that deviate from the norm and inflexible behaviours with high comorbidity

Cluster A

(weird behaviours) milder versions of schizophrenia

Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, Schizotypal PD

Cluster B

(Wild) over the top or unstable

Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, Narcissistic PD

Cluster C

(worry), anxiety or OCD related

Paranoid PD

Manifest paranoid tendencies and mistrusts and misinterprets others and their motives

Schizoid PD

a loner with little interest or involvement in close relationships and doens’t care about interactions with others

Schizotypal PD

manifests odd behaviour and distorted thinking

Antisocial PD

sociopathy with no regard for right or wrong or others rights, aggressions against people and animals, breaking the rules

Borderline PD

terrified of abandonment by others, inability in impulse control, mood, and image of self and others

Histrionic PD

Wants to be the centre or attention, seeks attention

Narcissistic PD

inflated sense of self and lack of empathy

Avoidant PD

very shy, fear of rejection and feels inferior

Dependent PD

over dependence on people to meet needs and needs to be taken care of by others and very submissive

Obsessive Compulsive PD

rigid concern with order and perfectionism and won’t comply with authority unless things are done his way

OCD

obsessions of uncontrollable thoughts or impulses that cause anxiety or compulsions of repetitive mental and physical behaviours in order to reduce threat

Somatic Symptom Disorder

distress by persistent physical symptoms and concerns which can mimic a disease but aren’t real, always think are sick, lots of distress and disrupt daily life

Illness Anxiety Disorder

mainly psychological, have an unrealistic fear that they have a serious medical condition or fear that they're at high risk of becoming ill.

Conversion Disorder

physical and sensory problems, such as paralysis, numbness, blindness, deafness or seizures, with no underlying neurologic pathology

Factitious Disorder

fabricated an illness but gone to falsify evidence or symptoms of illness

Dissociative Disorder

disruptions to awareness, memory, and identity are extreme and frequent triggered by severe stress

Dissociative Identity Disorder 

alternates between 2 or more distinct identities which only one interacts with other people

Dissociative Amnesia

at least one episode of forgetting some important personal info and creating gaps in memory related to severe stress of trauma

Depersonalization Disorder

recurring or persistent feeling of being cut off or detached from body, out of body experience

Derealization Disorder

feels that people and objects in external world are not real, detached from from surrounding

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

manifest early in development, hard to treat, characterized by intellectual development and communication disorders

ADHD

Motor restlessness, difficulty paying attention, distractibility, impulsive

Autism

complex can be minor or extreme, impaired social interaction, repetitive movements, inability to play with kids

Neurocognitive disorder

cognitive decline from previous level in learning, memory, language, motor and social skills

Alzheimers Disease

destruction and death of nerve cells causing memory failure, personality change, and problem carrying out normal activity has two abnormal structures amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Amyloid Plaques

clumps of proteins fragments that build up outside of cell

Neurofibrillary tangles

clumps of altered proteins inside cell

Parkinson’s disease

due to low dopamine levels, dopaminergic neurone in substantial nigra of the basal ganglia die off harder to control movements, build of of lewy bodies in neurons

Sleep-wake disorder

disturbance in quality, timing or amount of sleep

insomnia

cant fall asleep

Narcolepsy

periodic, overwhelming sleepiness during day

sleep apnea

intermittent stoppage of breathing which results in repeated awakening

Dyssomnias

abnormality in amount, quality, or timing of sleep

Somnambulism

sleep walking, happens during stage 3, grown out of for children n

night terrors

screaming while in deep sleep happen in stage 3 (nightmares happen in REM)P

Parasomnias

abnormal behaviours that happen during sleep

Hallucinogens

LSD, Weed, distorts perception

Stimulants

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, increase availability and action of neurotransmitters

Depressants

Alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, depress the CNS

Dependence

develops when a person needs to use it in order to function normally

Tolerance

happens when a person must use more of a drug to achieve the desired effect

Withdrawal

symptoms that occur when a person formed a dependance to a drug and then doens’t get it or enough of it

Addiction

compulsive drug use despite its harmful consequences and cant stop

Consciousness

awareness that we have of our selves, internal states, and environment, needed to do complex tasks but less so for easier tasks

Recticular Activating System

alertness and arousal in brain

Alpha

8-12 Hz and associated with relaxed normal consciousness

Beta

12\.5-30 Hz more alert consciousness

Theta

3-7 Hz meditative states and stage 1 sleep

Delta

0\.5-3 Hz occurs during slow wave sleep

Circadian Rhythm

control the increase and decrease in our alertness in predictable ways over 24 hrs

During sleep our sleep urge goes down

during awake our sleep need goes up but in mid afternoon sleep urge goes up for a nap but goes down again

3 physiological indicators of mammalian circadian rhythm

Melatonin release by pineal gland, body temp, and serum cortisol levels

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

in the hypothalamus regulates sleep, melatonin production in pineal gland, body temp

hypnosis

state of consciousness in which attention is more focused and peripheral is reduced and highly suggestible and easily convinced

Meditation

a person induces a mode of consciousness for a purpose

lower frequency alpha and theta waves, improved health, concentration

NREM1

Light sleep non rem sleep

NREM2

increased relaxation, decrease temp/HR/respiration

NREM3

heart and digestion slow, growth hormone secreted deepest sleep stage 4 has physical repair

REM

when dreams happen Sle

Sleep spindle

high oscillations in EEG, happens in Stage 2

K-Complex

happens in stage 2 and is a big spike