gen sci reviewer

chemistry

study of matter and its properties

louis pasteur

personifies scientific method

five major branches of chemistry

organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry

organic chemistry

focuses on carbon compounds

inorganic chemistry

study of everything that isn't “alive”

physical chem

is the “how-to” manual of the science world

analytical chem

identifying what is in a substance and how of it exist

two main parts of analytical

quantitative and qualitative analysis

qualitative analysis

looks at physical changes

quantitative analysis

uses math and “stoichiometry”

biochemistry

study of the chemical processes than happen inside living things

chemistry is often called

central science

foundation of matter

explains the properties and behavior of everything around us

scientific method

demonstrate how observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion solve real problems

health and medicine

biochemistry helps design drugs, vaccine, and treaments

energy and technology

physical chemistry explains energy changes

global progress

chemistry's branches collectively drive advances

water we drink

H2O

NaCl

table salt we use for seasoning

matter

anything that occupies space and has mass

element

pure substance consisting of only one type of atom

compound

made up of two or more existing words

mixture

two or more chemically distinct components that do not interact each other

homogenous mixture

appears to have uniform composition

solution

one constituent dissolves into another

alloy

contains at least one metal

heterogeneous mixture

composition is not uniform

active ingredient

is the “workhorse” of the product

inactive ingredients

acting as scents, solvents, or binders to hold everything together

category |||

covers things like cleaners

category |V

includes DIY items

water fearing

attach themselves

water loving

heads stay in the water

nonionic surfactants

do not have any charge

anionic surfactants

contain a hydrophilic head with a negative charge

cationic surfactants

contain a hydrophilic head with a positive charge

amphoteric surfactants

known as witterionic surfactants contain a hydrophilic head with both positive and negative charges

hard water

contains high concentration of dissolved materials

moisturizers

help the skin stay hydrated

exfoliants

remove dead skin cells to help the skin improve its natural glow

antioxidants

minimize exposure to free radicals that causes skin damage

vitamin C

for reducing dark spots

vitamin E

sun damage repair

cleansers

removing dirt and excess oil

toners

help in maintaining the pH sensitivity of the skin

sunscreen

protection to harmful UV

hair care

help in maintaining healthy appearance of the hair

proteins

act as repair kit for your hair

hydrating agents

work like a drink of water for your hair

vitamins

like “hair food”

silicones

act like a protective coating

oral care

products like toothpaste and mouthwash

fluorides

protective shield for your teeth

antimicrobials

germ fighter

abrasives

act like tiny scrubbers

globally harmonized systen of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS)

standardize chemical labels worldwide

primary labels

transporting large amounts of chemicals

secindary labels

for everyday use

exploding bomb

explosives, self reactives, organic peroxide

corroison

skin corroison/burns, eye damage, corrosive to metals

flame over circle

oxidizing gases, liquids, solids

gas cylinder

gases under pressure

environment

equatic toxicity

skull & crossbones

acute toxicity

exclamation mark

irritant (eye and skin)

skin sensitizer

health hazard

carcinogen

mutagenicity

reproductive toxicity

flame

flammables

pyrophorics

safety data sheet

detailed document describing the physical and chemical properties

national fire protection association

shows pertinent information related to the hazard

blue quadrant

tells how dangerous the chemical is to health if you’re exposed

red quadrant

shows how easily the chemical can catch fire

yellow quadrant

how unstable the chemical is

white quadrant

special warnings unique to that chemical

safety and chemicals

must follow specific rules for handling

handling chemicals

always start by reading the safety instructions

green chemistry

use to disposal of the product