35 Disease of the Upper Respiratory Tract 2

EHV 4

Which equine respiratory disease has the highest disease incidence?

Fall = october

When does EHV-4 peak? What months?

Spring = march

When does EIV peak? What months?

Nasopharyngeal swab

Which is better to diagnose ALL equine respiratory diseases, *nasal swab or nasopharyngeal swab*?

Banamine

What NSAID is most commonly used for management of equine respiratory disease?

1 week for every day of fever they present and 2 weeks after the end of coughing

How long should you rest horses for treatment of respiratory disease?

Required vaccination every 6 months

What is USEF's rule for vaccination of EIV and EHV?

H3N8 (A/equine/2)

What subtype of equine influenza is MOST RELEVANT

RNA

Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a/n *RNA or DNA* virus

1-3 days

How long is incubation period for equine influenza virus?

Direct aerosol or breathing space and indirect

What is the transmission like for equine influenza?

Immune status and virulence

What do clinical signs of equine influenza depend on?

a. fever

b. deep, dry cough

c. inappetence

e. serous-mucopurulent nasal discharge

Select some of the clinical signs seen with equine influenza:

a. fever

b. deep, dry cough

c. inappetence

d. abortion

e. serous-mucopurulent nasal discharge

f. cervical stiffness

a. ELISA

Which diagnostic test is fastest for diagnosing equine influenza virus:

a. ELISA

b. PCR

c. Virus Isolation

d. Serology

Risk based

Equine Influenza virus vaccination is *core or risk based*

Abortion (1 and 4), Neurologic myeloencepalopathy (1 only)

Equine herpes virus has the ability to cause respiratory problems due to its' pulmonary vasculotropic infection, but it may also effect what other systems?

Herpesvirus

This disease in horses effects 80-90% of horses before the age of 2 with a latent infection

Double DNA

Equine Herpes virus is a *single or double* *DNA or RNA* virus

Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesviridae

Name the family and subfamily of equine herpesvirus

c. trigeminal ganglia

e. T-lymphocytes

Where does the equine herpes virus have latency:

a. vagus nerve

b. parasympathetic ganglion

c. trigeminal ganglia

d. free nerve endings

e. T-lymphocytes

2-10 days

Incubation for herpes virus in horses is how long?

a. airway epithelium

b. local lymphnodes

c. cell associated viremia

e. vascular endothelium

Select the target tissues for equine herpes virus AND equine arteritis virus:

a. airway epithelium

b. local lymphnodes

c. cell associated viremia

d. myocardiocytes

e. vascular endothelium

f. pulmonary parenchyma

Submandibular

What lymph node is typically affected with equine herpes virus?

Last trimester

When will mares have abortion with herpesvirus infections?

EHV 1

note: in EHV 4 is less frequent

Which herpes virus typically shows abortion storms?

PCR with nasal swab or EDTA whole blood

Name the PREFERRED diagnostics for equine herpesvirus

c. fluorescent antibody

What is the FASTEST diagnostic for equine herpesvirus:

a. PCR

b. Virus Isolation

c. fluorescent antibody

d. serology

If over 5 years old and at risk adult that is non-breeding vaccinate every 6 months

How often do you vaccinate horses for herpes virus?

YES

Is equine arteritis virus reportable?

Single RNA

Equine arteritis virus is a *single or double* *DNA or RNA* virus

Arteviridiae, Bucyrus strain

What family and strain of equine arteritis virus is important?

Male accessory sex glands

Where does equine arteritis virus persist?

Respiratory and reproductive

What tissues does equine arteritis virus affect?

Subclinical

Most infections of equine arteritis virus are *acutely clinical or subclinical*

Upper respiratory

Though equine arteritis virus is typically sub clinical, if it presents clinically it resembles other *upper or lower* respiratory tract diseases

c. PCR

What is the fastest diagnostic test for equine arteritis virus:

a. Virus isolation

b. Serology

c. PCR

Equine arteritis virus

Semen, fetal tissue, and swabs can be used in PCR to diagnose WHAT equine disease?

Equine Arteritis virus

A horse has focal epithelial erosion, inflammation, viremia, and panvasculitis. It then becomes persistently infected. What does this sound like the pathogenesis for?

Equine arteritis virus

A horse presents with ocular and scrotal edema, conjunctivitis, stiffness of gait, and rash. You think the disease affecting this male would cause abortion in mares following respiratory infection. What are you thinking?

Every 6 months

How often should a horse participating in competitions be vaccinated against influenza and EHV 1?

a. equine influenza virus

Of the following diseases, which is the only one which does NOT have vertical transmission?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus

c. equine arteritis virus

Of the following diseases, which is found worldwide MINUS Japan and Ireland?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus

a. equine influenza virus

Of the following diseases, which is found worldwide MINUS Iceland and New Zealand?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus

a. equine influenza virus

Of the following diseases, which is the ONLY ONE which does NOT HAVE viremia?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus

c. equine arteritis virus

Of the following diseases, which has the longest incubation period?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus

c. equine arteritis virus

Of the following diseases, which produces persistently infected?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus

a. equine influenza virus

Of the following diseases, which is an acute self limiting infection?

a. equine influenza virus

b. equine herpes virus

c. equine arteritis virus