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1982 debt crisis
A financial crisis that affected several countries, particularly in Latin America, leading to defaults on international debt and a wave of economic instability. It was marked by rising interest rates and a sharp decline in commodity prices.
international monetary fund (IMF)
An international organization that provides financial assistance and advice to member countries facing economic difficulties, often involved in recovery efforts during financial crises.
pink tide
a term referring to the wave of socialist and left-wing govt. that came to power in latin america at the end of the twentieth century and in the first decade of the twenty-first century
guatemalan civil war
A prolonged conflict in Guatemala from 1960 to 1996, characterized by a struggle between government forces and various rebel groups, resulting in significant human rights abuses and social upheaval.
hugo chavez
A Venezuelan politician and leader who served as president from 1999 until his death in 2013, known for his socialist policies and role in the Pink Tide movement.
operation condor
A covert campaign initiated in the 1970s involving several South American governments to eliminate leftist opposition and those deemed a threat to their regimes, often through abduction and assassination.
contra war
A conflict in Central America during the 1980s involving U.S.-backed Contra rebels fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua, reflecting Cold War tensions.
evo morales
A Bolivian politician and leader who served as president from 2006 to 2019, known for his indigenous rights advocacy and leftist policies.
lula da silva
A Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010, known for his social programs and efforts to combat poverty.
washington censensus
neoliberal economic policies (enforced by u.s. & IMF)
cristina fernandez de kirchner
Former President of Argentina, known for her populist policies and association with Peronism.
rafael correa
Ecuadorian president who implemented socialist policies and defined a new constitution.
caracazo
1989 urban protest & govt represion of them caracas, venezuela
sandinistas
A leftist political group in Nicaragua that led the Sandinista Revolution against Somoza's dictatorship, governing the country from 1979 until the late 1990s.
malvinas war
1982 argentine dictatorship went to war over these islands
plurinationalism
idea/practice of multiple nations (i.e. indigenous), under one country/state (i.e. bolivia)