HOA1 - ROMANESQUE ARKI

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

- means in the roman style

- it was a style greatly inspired by christianity

- the decline of roman empire, this was the first distinctive style spread across Europe

APSE

- art of a romanesque church

- is the semi-circular, vaulted part oriented on the EAST

ABSIDALS

- are radiating side chappels for relics

QUADRIPARTITE VAULT

- a vault that is divided into four sections or equal bays

SEXPARTITE

- four sectioned vault with an additional arch rib dividing it into six unequal part

SQUINCH

- is used to bridge the corners of a square to form a base for an octagonal tower

CORBELS

- in the form of projecting of stones

CORBLE TABLE

- a row of corbels

LOMBARD BAND

- decorative blind arcade

TYMPANUM

- above the door

- filled with sculpture

CASTLES

- were built as protection to invaders

- for defense

- as a form of display of worth and power

FORTIFIED TOWNS

- towns that were protected by walls

MOTTE AND BAILEY CASTLE

- the first type of european castle

MOTTE

- is a mound of earth

BAILEY

- a courtyard surrounded by wooden fence and a ditch

- the courtyard-like area enclosed by stone walls

- where the domestic buildings of the castle were

RECTANGULAR KEEP CASTLE

- surrounded by thk walls andd moat

- offered better form of defense

- main feature is the stone keep

- entrance on the second leve, making it difficult for the invaders to enter

SHELL KEEP CASTLE

- circular shell of stone wall

- surrounded by a mota

CONCENTRIC CASTLE

- combination of shell and rectangular keep

- offered the best protection

- has double concentric walls

CURTAIN WALLS

- the enclosing defensive walls of a castle

RAMPART

- is defensive bank surrounding a castle

TALUS

- a bold sloping thickness at the foot of walls

- to protect them from undermining

MACHICOLATIONS

- projectig parapets allowing floor openings

CRENELLATIONS

- regular gaps in the parapet

WINDSOR CASTLE

- the largest inhabited castle in the world

- oldest in continous occupation and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe

- notable for its long association with the british royal family

MONREALE CATHEDRAL

- most splendid of all monuments of the norman period

- this cathedral claim to fame is its mosaic decoration

- the walls are covered with mosaic in gold and color

- open timber roofs

HELM ROOF

- 4 gables forming a pyramidal roof with 4 diamonf-shaped sides meeting at the ape

SPEYER CATHEDRAL

- keeps the coffins of 4 kings and 4 emperors

- exterior finished in colored bricks

- largest romanesque church in germany

HUSABY CHURCH

- remarkable for its steep walls and high towers

- the only romanesque architecture in sweden of that kind

STAVE CHURCH

- an ancient style of church constructre dentirely of wood and unique to norway

ROMANESQUE IN ITALY

- ornamental facade created by dwarf galleries

- marble finish walls

- freestanding baptistery

- freestanding belfry

NORTH ITALY

- portals are sometimes covered by a projecting porch

- rose and wheel windows on facade

- principal innovation was RIBBED VAULT

SOUTH ITALY

- islamic influence

- colored mosaic

- stripes of colored marble

- stilted pointed arches

- norman influence

- coupled columns

ROMANESQUE IN GERMAN

- three apse plan

- trefoil form

- large churches have apses at both ends

ROMANESQUE IN FRANCE

- large churches dont have aisles

- generaly have transept

- fully developed chevet with radiating chapels

- two towers on the facade flanking the nave

- CAEN stones were used

- central portal is recessed

ROMANESQUE IN BRITISH ISLES

- long naves

- transept are strong projection

- large towers

- thick and massive piers

- the nave rises in three stages

- CHEVRON MOULDING is distinctive in recessed doors

ROMANESQUE IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

- muslim influence, turned into mozarabic and mudejar styles

- horshoe arch

- large churches are fortress like

- rose window with pierced stone

- exterior of apses have shallow blind arcading

- portals are recessed with rich figurative carviings

ROMANESQUE IN SCANDINAVIA

- larger churches were built of stone

- bulky west towers with stepped gables are typical of denmark

- rotunda churches in denmark

- large central towers in norway

- wooden stave churches of Norway with timber frames, palisade walls,

and shingled steep roofs