AP Lang Chapter 1 Test

Reasons & Purposes: Convince

Leads audiences to accept a claim as reasonable or true using factual, reliable evidence.

Reasons & Purposes: Persuade

Moves people to action. Best achieved by drawing upon all rhetorical appeals, especially emotional appeals (fear, anger, envy, pride, etc.).

Reasons & Purposes: To Make Decisions

Examines the options in important civil and personal matters.

Reasons & Purposes: Invitational Arguments

Invite others to join in mutual exploration of ideas based on discovery and respect, beginning by trying to understand the other's perspective.

Reasons & Purposes: Rogerian Arguments

Approach audiences in a similarly non-threatening way by finding common ground and establishing trust first.

Time Frame: Past

Forensic - Who did what in the past, for what reasons, and with what liability?

TIme Frames: Future

Deliberative - What should happen in the future? Advances via projections & reasoned guesses

Time Frames: Present

Epideictic - Who or what deserves praise or blame? Explores current values and shared beliefs.

Stasis Theory: Argument of Fact

Did something happen? Where did the facts come from? Are they reliable? Where did the problem begin, and what caused it?

Stasis Theory: Argument of Definition

What is the nature of the thing? What defines it?

Stasis Theory: Argument of Evaluation

What is the quality or cause of the thing? Presents criteria and measures individual people, ideas, or things against those standards.

Stasis Theory: Proposal Argument

What actions should be taken? Answers the central question: "Now, what do we do about it?"

Kairos

The most suitable time and place for an argument