impact of thorough in ireland

how did wentworth impose political authority on the irish council

• deployment of trusted advisors brought from england (e.g., philip maynwaring)

• ruthless suppression of critics

• careful selection of high profile targets

criticism wentworth imposing political authority on the irish council

• alienated political elites who found their influence reduced

• destablised the factional politics brought to ireland

• united all parties against the crown

• damaged relationships with new english elite

imposition of laudian authority on the irish church

• 1634 laudian 39 articles introduced into irish church

• bramhall (wentworth’s former chaplain) was appointed to the key bishopric of Derry/Londonderry

• new irish court of high commission

• juries in court (e.g., court of castle chamber) pressured into agreeing with what the crown wanted in church land disputes

imposition of laudian authority on the irish church criticism

• alienated landowners (particularly among the new english)

• they had benefitted most from the change in land ownership brought about by the reformation

laudian attempts to restore ireland to profitability

• book of rates re-issued (crown incomes doubled between 1633 and 1640)

• 1634 irish parliament manoeuvred into voting six subsidies

• 1634 statute of uses: stopped heirs from being able to avoid paying a form of inheritance tax payable on land transfers

• sale of monopolies used as fiscal expedient

laudian attempts to restore ireland to profitability criticism

• impacted on merchants and traders (had to pay more in customs)

• general feeling of disempowerment in the irish parliament

• offended due to graces

• increased financial burden on wealthy elites

• crown open to accusations of corruption and unfair practice

1628 “graces”

• catholic old english and irish catholics agreement

• smooths parliamentary business

• in return for grant of three parliamentary subsidies = concessions

• concessions = recusancy fines not collected, relaxation of requirement for catholics to take oath of supremacy, guarantee land titles of over 60 years old

what did wentworth do about the 1628 “graces”

• he would hold two parliamentary sessions

• one with finance

• the other with grievances (inc., the graces)

• he never addressed graces