Forces and elasticity and moments levers and gears

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11 Terms

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elastically deformed

If an object goes back to its original shape after the force has been removed it has been elastically deformed

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Inelastically deformed

If an object does not go back to its original shape after the force has been removed

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Hookes law

States that the extension of elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied

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Force equation ( hookes law)

Force = spring constant x extension

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elastic potential energy equation

0.5 x spring constant x extension squared

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The turning effect of a force (the moment) depends on three things

  • Size

  • Distance

  • Angle

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How to increase the moment

  • Use a large force

  • Pull on the long end of the spanner ( far from the pivot point)

  • Pulling at 90°

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Moment of a force equation

Moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

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Principle of moments

Sum of clockwise movements = sum of anti-clockwise movements

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What are levers

A simple way of achieving mechanical advantage

The greater the length of the lever from the pivot to the applied force the easier it would be to lift the mass.

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Each time you pass power from one gear wheel to another you can do one of three things

  • Increase speed

  • Increase force

  • Change direction