Anatomy - Male Reproductive Organs

what are the two main functions of the penis?

micturition and sexual intercourse

the penis is composed of what?

erectile tissue, muscles, fascial coverings, and abundant vasculature

what are the three parts of the penis?

root, body, glans

what describes the root of the penis?

(fixed) found in superficial perineal pouch, contains three erectile tissues and two muscles

what describes the body of the penis?

(free) three erectile tissues protected by three layers of fascia and covered by skin

what describes the glans of the penis?

expanded corpus spongiosum

what describes erectile tissue?

tissues that fill with blood during sexual arousal

what erectile tissues are found in the root?

two crura and a bulb

what describes crura?

attached ipsilateral ischial ramus, covered by ischiocavernosal muscles

two crura continue anteriorly to dorsum of penis to form what?

corpora cavernosa

bulb forms what?

corpus spongiosum (ventral), which distally forms the glans

where the muscles of the penis found?

in the root

what describes bulbospongiosus muscles?

contract to empty spongy urethra of residual semen and urine, maintain erection

what describes ischiocavernosus muscles?

contract to force blood from cavernous spaces in the crura into the corpora cavernosa

what muscles allow for engorgement of the penis?

ischiocavernosus muscles

what fascia is the superficial layer that is also a continuity of Scarpa’s fasica?

Colles Fascia

what fascia is the deep layer that is a continuity of deep perineal fascia?

Buck’s fascia

Buck’s fasica holds what?

all three erectile tissues together

what is deep to Buck’s fascia and forms an individual covering around each cavernous body?

strong tunic albuginea

what does the suspensory ligament do?

connects erectile body to pubic symphysis

what describes the fundiform ligament?

from linea alba slings around penis and attaches to symphysis pubis

the blood supply of the penis originates from what?

the internal pudendal artery

what branches of the internal pudendal artery supply the penis?

• dorsal arteries

• deep arteries

• bulbourethral arteries

deep dorsal vein of the penis drains what?

prostatic venous plexus

superficial dorsal veins drain what?

skin and cutaneous tissues

parasympathetic supply aids in what?

erectile function

the parasympathetic supply is due to what nerves?

pelvic splanchnic nerves

sympathetic supply aids in what?

ejaculation and deep sensation

the sympathetic supply is due to what nerve?

pudendal nerve

skin and root is innervated by what?

ilioinguinal nerve

what describes the scrotum?

cutaneous sac that connects the testes to the lower parts of the spermatic cord

what is the primary function of the scrotum?

maintain adequate temperature for tests to produce sperm

what are the two layers of the scrotum?

superficial skin and deeper dartos fascia

what are the muscles of the scrotum?

cremaster muscle and dartos muscle

what are the contents of the scrotum?

testes, epididymis, spermatic cord

smooth muscle fibers of dartos muscles go through what?

dartos fascia

what describes testes?

oval shaped gonads inside the scrotum, suspended by abdomen by spermatic cord

testes produce what?

sperm and testosterone

testes consist of what?

intricate network of tubules (seminiferous tubules and rete testis) and secretory cells (Leydig and Sertoli)

parenchyma of the testes is protected by what?

tunica albuginea

the testes is covered almost entirely by what?

tunica vaginalis

what describes the epididymis?

single heavily coiled duct

what describes location of epididymis?

posterior to testes

what is the function of the epididymis?

storage and maturation of spermatozoa

what are the parts of the epididymis?

head, body, tail

epididymis drains into what?

ductus deferens

blood supply to the testis and epididymis is mainly from what?

paired testicular arteries

blood supply to the testis and epididymis anastomoses with main testicular artery via what?

• branches of the cremasteric artery

• artery of the vas deferens 

both come from internal iliac artery

testicular veins formed from what?

pampiniform plexus

left testicular veins drains into what?

left renal vein

right testicular vein drains where?

directly into inferior vena cava

what is varicocele?

tortuous dilation of the veins draining the testes

variococele is more likely to happen in what teste?

left

what describes the spermatic cord?

bundle of arteries, nerves, pampiniform plexus, ductus deferens, lymphatic vessels and tunica vaginalis

the spermatic cord travels in what?

the inguinal canal to the scrotum

spermatic cord contents disperse around what?

testes and scrotum

what are the three layers of the spermatic cord?

• external spermatic fascia

• cremaster muscle

• internal spermatic fascia

external spermatic fascia comes from what?

external oblique muscle

cremaster muscle comes from what?

internal oblique muscle

the cremaster muscles is a discontinuous striated muscle oriented how?

longitudinally

cremasteric reflex elevates what?

the testes

skin of superomedial thigh innervated by what?

ilioinguinal nerve

cremaster muscle innervated by what?

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

internal spermatic fascia comes from what?

transversalis fascia

the three layers of the spermatic cord are covered by what?

superficial layer and scrotal skin

what are the blood vessels contents of the spermatic cord?

• testicular artery

• cremasteric artery and vein

• artery to vas deferens

• pampiniform plexus of testicular veins

what are the nerve contents of the spermatic cord?

• genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

• autonomic nerves

what are the other contents of the spermatic cord?

• vas deferens

• processus vaginalis

• lymphatics 

what is testicular torsion?

twisting of spermatic cord upon itself

testicular torsion results in what?

severe sudden pain in affected testis

in testicular torsion, the affected testis lies what?

higher

strangulation of testicular artery results in what?

necrosis of testis

what are the causes of testicular torsion?

spasm of cremasteric muscle fibers or loose testicle in large tunica vaginalis

what describes vas deferens?

straight thick muscular tube

vas deferens conveys what?

sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

the vas deferens contains 3 layers of what?

smooth muscle: inner and outer longitudinal, intermedia circular

the rich autonomic innervation of the vas deferens permits what?

fast movement of sperm towards the ejaculatory duct

what describes the anatomical course of the vas deferens?

tail of epididymis → through inguinal canal → down lateral pelvic wall close to the ischial spine → turns medially to pass between the bladder and the ureter → down posterior surface of bladder → join seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

the seminal vesicles are found where?

between bladder and rectum

the seminal vesicles with the vas deferens forms what?

ejaculatory duct

the ejaculatory duct drains into what?

prostatic urethra

seminal vesicles secretions have a key role in what?

the normal functioning of semen, making up 70% of its total volume

late ejaculate fractions are made of what?

alkaline fluid, fructose, prostaglandins, clotting factor

what describes bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands?

pair of pea shaped exocrine glands located posterolateral to the membranous urethra

Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands contribute to the final volume of semen by doing what?

producing a lubricating mucus secretion containing glycoproteins

what is the largest accessory gland in the male reproductive system?

prostate

the prostate secretes what?

proteolytic enzymes into the semen

the prostate is found where?

inferior to the external urethral sphincter with levator ani muscle inferolateral to it and anterior to rectum