CSDS Final Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for CSDS final review, covering topics like TBI, aphasia, dementia, dysphagia, hearing loss, and related concepts.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Damage to the brain caused by an external mechanical force such as a blow or jolt to the head, leading to cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioral impairments.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A clinical tool used to assess a person’s level of consciousness after a brain injury based on eye, verbal, and motor responses; scores range from 3 (severe) to 15 (mild).

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

A progressive degenerative brain disease caused by repeated head trauma, associated with memory loss, mood disorders, and cognitive decline.

Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

A period of confusion and memory loss following a TBI during which new memories cannot be formed.

Golden Hour

The critical first hour after a traumatic injury where timely medical treatment can greatly improve outcomes.

Stroke

A sudden loss of brain function due to disruption of blood flow caused by a blockage or bleed in the brain.

Aphasia

A language disorder caused by brain damage, often due to stroke, affecting speech production and/or comprehension.

Contralateral Brain Control

Each hemisphere of the brain controls the opposite side of the body (e.g., left hemisphere controls the right side).

Nonfluent Aphasia (Broca’s)

Characterized by effortful, halting speech with relatively good comprehension; grammar and sentence structure are impaired.

Fluent Aphasia (Wernicke’s)

Characterized by smooth, flowing speech that lacks meaning; comprehension and awareness are often impaired.

Anosognosia

Lack of awareness or denial of one’s own impairments, often seen in right hemisphere damage.

Aprosodia

Inability to understand or express the emotional tone of speech.

Anomia

Difficulty recalling or naming objects, people, or concepts.

Confabulation

Unintentionally fabricating false memories without the intent to deceive.

Emotional Lability

Involuntary and inappropriate emotional expressions, such as laughing or crying.

Prosopagnosia

Inability to recognize familiar faces despite having normal vision.

Executive Function

A set of cognitive skills for planning, organizing, initiating, and regulating behavior.

Left Side Neglect

Inattention to or unawareness of the left side of space or the body, usually due to right hemisphere damage.

Perception Deficits

Problems in interpreting sensory information, often seen in right hemisphere brain damage.

Dementia

A general term for a decline in memory and other cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Aspiration

Entry of food or liquid into the airway below the vocal cords, potentially causing choking or pneumonia.

Bolus

A mass of chewed food or liquid prepared in the mouth for swallowing.

Deglutition

The act of swallowing.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing, which may affect any stage of the swallowing process.

Mastication

The process of chewing food to form a bolus for swallowing.

Penetration

Entry of food or liquid into the airway above the vocal cords, not deep enough to be considered aspiration.

Modified Barium Swallow (MBS)

A fluoroscopic X-ray study that visualizes swallowing in real-time to detect aspiration, penetration, or other dysfunctions.

Sound Localization

The ability to determine the origin of a sound in space, relying on cues like timing and intensity differences between ears.

Acquired Hearing Loss

Hearing loss that occurs after birth due to factors like illness, noise exposure, or aging.

Congenital Hearing Loss

Hearing loss present at birth, often caused by genetic factors or prenatal conditions.

Unilateral Hearing Loss

Hearing loss that affects only one ear, potentially impacting sound localization and speech understanding in noise.

Audiogram

A graph that shows the softest sounds a person can hear at different frequencies, used to diagnose hearing loss.

ASL

American Sign Language, a complete, visual language used primarily by the Deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada.

Hearing Loss

A partial or total inability to hear, which can vary in type, degree, and configuration.

Audiologist

A healthcare professional who diagnoses, manages, and treats hearing and balance disorders.

JCIH 1-3-6 Model

A timeline guideline recommending newborn hearing screening by 1 month, diagnosis of hearing loss by 3 months, and initiation of early intervention services by 6 months of age

Cochlear implant teams

Multidisciplinary groups of professionals who assess candidacy, perform surgery, and provide follow-up care for individuals receiving cochlear implants.

Aural rehab providers

Specialists who offer therapy and support to improve communication skills in individuals with hearing loss, often through auditory training, speechreading, and use of hearing technology

Risk factors for dementia

Variables that increase the likelihood of developing dementia, including advanced age, family history, cardiovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and low education level.

Causes of dementia

Causes of dementia

Bedside swallowing evaluation

A non-instrumental clinical assessment performed at the patient’s bedside to observe signs of swallowing difficulty and determine the need for further testing.

Stages of swallowing

he four phases of swallowing—oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal—through which food or liquid is processed and transported from the mouth to the stomach.

Hearing Loss Options

interventions such as amplification (e.g., hearing aids), assistive listening devices (e.g., FM systems), and cochlear implants that help individuals with hearing loss access sound and improve communication.

Conductive hearing loss

A type of hearing loss caused by problems in the outer or middle ear that block sound from reaching the inner ear

Sensorineural hearing loss

A type of hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve, often permanent.

Mixed hearing loss

A combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, involving issues in both the outer/middle ear and the inner ear or auditory nerve.